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arXiv 2012.09531cond-mat.mes-hall
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弹性波驱动的半导体高能效自旋注入器

Energy-efficient spin injector into semiconductors driven by elastic waves

Andrei V. Azovtsev, Andrei I. Nikitchenko, Nikolay A. Pertsev

摘要:

自旋不平衡在半导体中的产生对于许多自旋电子器件的功能是至关重要的。自旋注入器到半导体中的有吸引力的设计是基于来自旋进铁磁体的自旋泵浦,通常由微波磁场激发,导致器件的高功耗。在这里,我们从理论上描述了一个自旋注入器,大大减少了能量损失,其中的磁动力学是由注入到铁磁半导体异质结构的弹性波激发。为了证明这样的注入器的有效运作,我们进行微磁弹性模拟的耦合的弹性和磁性动力学在Ni膜和Ni/GaAs双层。对于厚Ni膜,它示出,单色声波产生具有相同的频率和波长的自旋波,其在几微米的距离上传播的激励频率接近铁磁共振的频率。Ni/GaAs双层膜的模拟与Ni厚度的注入的声波的波长相媲美,展示了在Ni/GaAs界面的稳态磁化旋进的发展。这种进动的振幅在Ni厚度处具有最大值,相当于弹性波波长的四分之三,这可以通过分析模型来解释。利用Ni/GaAs界面处磁化进动的模拟数据,我们计算了注入GaAs的自旋电流,并通过求解自旋扩散方程计算了其中的自旋积累。然后通过拉普拉斯方程的数值解确定由自旋流和逆自旋霍尔效应产生的电信号。结果表明,这些交流信号的振幅足够大的实验测量,这表明一个有效的声学驱动自旋抽运到GaAs。

英文摘要:

Generation of spin imbalance in nonmagnetic semiconductors is crucial for the functioning of many spintronic devices. An attractive design of spin injectors into semiconductors is based on a spin pumping from a precessing ferromagnet, typically excited by a microwave magnetic field leading to a high power consumption of the device. Here we describe theoretically a spin injector with greatly reduced energy losses, in which the magnetic dynamics is excited by an elastic wave injected into a ferromagnet-semiconductor heterostructure. To demonstrate the efficient functioning of such an injector, we perform micromagnetoelastic simulations of the coupled elastic and magnetic dynamics in Ni films and Ni/GaAs bilayers. For thick Ni films, it is shown that a monochromatic acoustic wave generates a spin wave with the same frequency and wavelength, which propagates over distances of several micrometers at the excitation frequencies close to the frequency of ferromagnetic resonance. The simulations of Ni/GaAs bilayers with Ni thicknesses comparable to the wavelength of the injected acoustic wave demonstrate the development of a steady-state magnetization precession at the Ni/GaAs interface. The amplitude of such a precession has a maximum at Ni thickness amounting to three quarters of the wavelength of the elastic wave, which is explained by an analytical model. Using simulation data obtained for the magnetization precession at the Ni/GaAs interface, we evaluate the spin current pumped into GaAs and calculate the spin accumulation in it by solving the spin diffusion equation. Then the electrical signals resulting from the spin flow and the inverse spin Hall effect are determined via the numerical solution of the Laplace's equation. It is shown that amplitudes of these ac signals are large enough for experimental measurement, which indicates an efficient acoustically driven spin pumping into GaAs.

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