We put together a first-principles equation of state (FPEOS) database for matter at extreme conditions by combining results from path integral Monte Carlo and density functional molecular dynamics simulations of the elements H, He, B, C, N, O, Ne, Na, Mg, Al and Si as well as the compounds LiF, B4C, BN, CH4, CH2, C2H3, CH, C2H, MgO, and MgSiO3. For all these materials, we provide the pressure and internal energy over a density-temperature range from ~0.5 to 50 g/cc and from ~10^4 to 10^9 K, which are based on ~5000 different first-principles simulations. We compute isobars, adiabats and shock Hugoniot curves in the regime of L and K shell ionization. Invoking the linear mixing approximation, we study the properties of mixtures at high density and temperature. We derive the Hugoniot curves for water and alumina as well as for carbon-oxygen, helium-neon, and CH-silicon mixtures. We predict the maximal shock compression ratios of H2O, H2O2, Al2O3, CO, and CO2 to be 4.61, 4.64, 4.64, 4.89, and 4.83, respectively. Finally we use the FPEOS database to determine the points of maximum shock compression for all available binary mixtures. We identify mixtures that reach higher shock compression ratios than their endmembers. We discuss trends common to all mixtures in pressure-temperature and particle-shock velocity spaces. In the supplementary material, we provide all FPEOS tables as well as computer codes for interpolation, Hugoniot calculations, and plots of various thermodynamic functions.
In the warm dense regime, where the electron temperature is increased to the same order of the Fermi temperature, the dynamical stability of elemental metals depends on its electronic band structure as well as its crystal structure. It has been known that phonon hardening occurs due to an enhanced internal pressure caused by electron excitations as in close-packed simple metals, whereas phonon softening occurs at a specific point in the Brillouin zone as in body-centered cubic metals. Here, we investigate the dynamical stability of binary ordered alloys (Au and Cu) in the L1$_0$ and L1$_2$ str…
A critical assessment of models of pair-interactions and screening used in analyzing recent warm-dense matter (WDM) experiments
超快激光实验产生了越来越可靠的温密物质(WDM)数据,但依赖于根深蒂固的简单理论模型。我们重新分析了两个专题实验,避免(i){ \it ad hoc}核心排斥模型,(ii)“汤川屏蔽”模型和(iii)电子-离子平衡假设。一个精确的,快速的密度泛函中性赝原子模型耦合到一个超网链(HNC)方程与桥项被用来计算结构因子,X射线散射,压缩性,声子和电阻率。电子结构代码用于确认计算。汤川和核心排斥模型被证明是误导。
Non-adiabatic effects and exciton-like states during insulator-to-metal transition in warm dense hydrogen
随着温度和压力的升高,氢分子向原子电离态的转变是实验方法和理论上尚未解决的问题。在这里,我们分析了这种转变的动力学,并显示其非平衡非绝热特性在解释实验数据和理论模型中被忽视。非绝热机制解释了最近报道的强同位素效应[Zaghoo,Husband和Silvera,Phys. Rev. B 98,104102(2018)]和大潜热[Houtput,Tempere和Silvera,Phys. Rev. B 100,134106(2019)]。我们证明了在加热分子氢时形成中间激子样分子态的可能性,这可以解释绝缘体到金属过渡期间反射率和电导率的令人困惑的实验数据。
We present a finite-temperature density functional theory investigation of the nonequilibrium transient electronic structure of warm dense Li, Al, Cu, and Au created by laser excitation. Photons excite electrons either from the inner shell orbitals or from the valence bands according to the photon energy, and give rise to isochoric heating of the sample. Localized states related to the 3d orbital are observed for Cu when the hole lies in the inner shell 3s orbital. The electrical conductivity for these materials at nonequilibrium states is calculated using the Kubo-Greenwood formula. The chang…
We present methods for generating computationally simple parameter-free pair potentials useful for solids, liquids and plasma at arbitrary temperatures. They successfully treat warm-dense matter (WDM) systems like carbon or silicon with complex tetrahedral or other structural bonding features. Density functional theory asserts that only one-body electron densities, and one-body ion densities are needed for a complete description of electron-ion systems. DFT is used here to reduce {\it both} the electron many-body problem and the ion many-body problem to an exact one-body problem, namely that o…
Thermal and Pressure Ionization in Warm, Dense MgSiO$_3$ Studied with First-Principles Computer Simulations
利用路径积分蒙特卡罗和密度泛函分子动力学(DFT-MD)模拟方法,研究了MgSiO $_3$顽火辉石在暖稠密物质区的性质.我们产生了一个一致的状态方程(EOS),跨越了很宽的温度和密度范围(10 $^4$-10 $^7$ K和6.42- 64.16 g cm $^{-3}$)。导出了冲击Hugoniot曲线,与实验符合得很好。我们确定的边界之间的制度的热电离和压力电离的定位在恒定温度下的内能达到最小值作为密度或压力的函数。在低密度下,随着自由态重量的变化,内能随着密度的增加而减小。热电离占主导地位。相反地,在高密度下,在压力电离状态下,内能随密度增加。我们确定两个制度之间的边界,并表明,压缩最大值沿冲击Hugoniot曲线发生,因为K壳层电子成为热电离,而不是压力电离。
Warm-dense matter (WDM) is a highly-excited state that lies at the confluence of solids, plasmas, and liquids and that cannot be described by equilibrium theories. The transient nature of this state when created in a laboratory, as well as the difficulties in probing the strongly-coupled interactions between the electrons and the ions, make it challenging to develop a complete understanding of matter in this regime. In this work, by exciting isolated ~8 nm nanoparticles with a femtosecond laser below the ablation threshold, we create uniformly-excited WDM. We then use photoelectron spectroscop…