The Kaneko--Zagier conjecture describes a correspondence between finite multiple zeta values and symmetric multiple zeta values. Its refined version has been established by Jarossay, Rosen and Ono--Seki--Yamamoto. In this paper, we explicate these conjectures through studies of multiple harmonic $q$-sums. We show that the (generalized) finite/symmetric multiple zeta value are obtained by taking an algebraic/analytic limit of multiple harmonic $q$-sums. As applications, new proofs of reversal, duality and cyclic sum formulas for the generalized finite/symmetric multiple zeta values are given.
By using the Wilf-Zeilberger method, we prove a novel finite combinatorial identity related to a bivariate generating function for $ζ(2+r+2s)$ (an extension of a Bailey-Borwein-Bradley Apery-like formula for even zeta values). Such identity is then applied to show several supercongruences.
Congruences of truncated sums of infinite series do not directly extend to congruences of the truncated sums of higher powers of these infinite series. Guo and Zudilin recently established a variety of supercongruences for truncated sums of certain basic hypergeometric series. In this note we extend some of these supercongruences to the truncated sums of the squares of the corresponding series.
Inspired by the recent work of El Bachraoui, we present some new $q$-supercongruences on triple and quadruple sums of basic hypergeometric series. In particular, we give a $q$-supercongruence modulo the fifth power of a cyclotomic polynomial, which is a $q$-analogue of the quadruple sum of Van Hamme's supercongruence (G.2).
In this paper, we prove a new identity for values of the Hurwitz zeta function which contains as particular cases Koecher's identity for odd zeta values, the Bailey-Borwein-Bradley identity for even zeta values and many other interesting formulas related to values of the Hurwitz zeta function. We also get an extension of the bivariate identity of Cohen to values of the Hurwitz zeta function. The main tool we use here is a construction of new Markov-WZ pairs. As application of our results, we prove several conjectures on supercongruences proposed by J. Guillera, W. Zudilin, and Z.-W. Sun.
In this paper, we investigate a number of $q$-supercongruences on double and triple sums. By means of a lemma devised by El Bachraoui and its generalization, we transform some $q$-supercongruences on double and triple sums into the $q$-supercongruences of the square and cube of truncated basic hypergeometric series.Our main tools still involve the `creative microscoping' method introduced by Guo and Zudilin, a lemma designed by Guo and Li and the Chinese remainder theorem.
In recent years, the congruence $$ \sum_{\substack{i+j+k=p\\ i,j,k>0}} \frac1{ijk} \equiv -2 B_{p-3} \pmod{p}, $$ first discovered by the last author have been generalized by either increasing the number of indices and considering the corresponding supercongruences, or by considering the alternating version of multiple harmonic sums. In this paper, we prove a family of similar supercongruences modulo prime powers $p^r$ with the indexes summing up to $mp^r$ where $m$ is coprime to $p$, where all the indexes are also coprime to $p$.
Let $p$ be an odd prime, and let $a$ be a rational $p$-adic integer with $a\not\equiv 0\pmod p$. In this paper, using WZ method we establish the congruences for $\sum_{k=0}^{p-1} \binom ak^2(-1)^k(1-\frac 2ak)$ modulo $p^2$ and $\sum_{k=0}^{p-1} \binom ak^r(1-\frac 2ak)^s$ modulo $p^4$, where $r\in\{3,4\}$ and $s\in\{1,3\}$.
In this paper, we confirm several conjectured congruences of Sun concerning the divisibility of binomial sums. For example, with help of a quadratic hypergeometric transformation, we prove that $$ \sum_{k=0}^{p-1}\binom{p-1}k\binom{2k}k^2\frac{P_k}{8^k}\equiv0\pmod{p^2} $$ for any prime $p\equiv 7\mod{8}$, where $P_k$ is the $k$-th Pell number. Further, we also propose three new congruences of the same type.
We prove some supercongruence and divisibility results on sums involving Domb numbers, which confirm four conjectures of Z.-W. Sun and Z.-H. Sun. For instance, by using a transformation formula due to Chan and Zudilin, we show that for any prime $p\ge 5$, \begin{align*} \sum_{k=0}^{p-1}\frac{3k+1}{(-32)^k}{\rm Domb}(k)\equiv (-1)^{\frac{p-1}{2}}p+p^3E_{p-3} \pmod{p^4}, \end{align*} which is regarded as a $p$-adic analogue of the following interesting formula for $1/π$ due to Rogers: \begin{align*} \sum_{k=0}^{\infty}\frac{3k+1}{(-32)^k}{\rm Domb}(k)=\frac{2}π. \end{align*} Here ${\rm Domb}(n)$…
Let $p$ be a prime and let $x$ be a $p$-adic integer. We provide two supercongruences for truncated series of the form $$\sum_{k=1}^{p-1} \frac{(x)_k}{(1)_k}\cdot \frac{1}{k}\sum_{1\le j_1\le\cdots\le j_r\le k}\frac{1}{j_1^{}\cdots j_r^{}}\quad\mbox{and}\quad \sum_{k=1}^{p-1} \frac{(x)_k(1-x)_k}{(1)_k^2}\cdot \frac{1}{k}\sum_{1\le j_1\le\cdots\le j_r\le k}\frac{1}{j_1^{2}\cdots j_r^{2}}.$$
By using the Rodriguez-Villegas-Mortenson supercongruences, we prove four supercongruences on sums involving binomial coefficients, which were originally conjectured by Sun. We also confirm a related conjecture of Guo on integer-valued polynomials.
A period is a complex number arising as the integral of a rational function with algebraic number coefficients over a rationally-defined region. Although periods are typically transcendental numbers, there is a conjectural Galois theory of periods coming from the theory of motives. This paper formalizes an analogy between a class of periods called multiple zeta values, and congruences for rational numbers modulo prime powers (called supercongruences). We construct an analogue of the motivic period map in the setting of supercongruences, and use it to define a Galois theory of supercongruences.…
In 1997, van Hamme developed $p-$adic analogs, for primes $p$, of several series which relate hypergeometric series to values of the gamma function, originally studied by Ramanujan. These analogs relate truncated sums of hypergeometric series to values of the $p-$adic gamma function, and are called Ramanujan type supercongruences. In all, van Hamme conjectured 13 such formulas, three of which were proved by van Hamme himself, and five others have been proved recently using a wide range of methods. Here, we explore four of the remaining five van Hamme supercongruences, revisit some of the prove…
By examining asymptotic behavior of certain infinite basic ($q$-) hypergeometric sums at roots of unity (that is, at a "$q$-microscopic" level) we prove polynomial congruences for their truncations. The latter reduce to non-trivial (super)congruences for truncated ordinary hypergeometric sums, which have been observed numerically and proven rarely. A typical example includes derivation, from a $q$-analogue of Ramanujan's formula $$ \sum_{n=0}^\infty\frac{\binom{4n}{2n}{\binom{2n}{n}}^2}{2^{8n}3^{2n}}\,(8n+1) =\frac{2\sqrt{3}}π, $$ of the two supercongruences $$ S(p-1)\equiv p\biggl(\frac{-3}p\…
In this paper, we prove supercongruence relations for truncated $N$-tuple sums of basic hypergeometric series. As an application, we give double, triple, and quadruple sum analogs of some Ramanujan-type supercongruences.
We prove a supercongruence modulo $p^3$ between the $p$th Fourier coefficient of a weight 6 modular form and a truncated ${}_6F_5$-hypergeometric series. Novel ingredients in the proof are the comparison of two rational approximations to $ζ(3)$ to produce non-trivial harmonic sum identities and the reduction of the resulting congruences between harmonic sums via a congruence between the Apéry numbers and another Apéry-like sequence.
The alternating multiple harmonic sums are partial sums of the infinite series defining the Euler sums which are the alternating version of the multiple zeta value series. In this paper, we present some systematic structural results of the van Hamme type congruences of these sums, collected as finite Euler sums. Moreover, we relate this to the structure of the Euler sums, which generalizes the corresponding result of the multiple zeta values. We also provide a few conjectures with extensive numerical support.
This is part II of our examination of the second and fourth moments and shifted moments of the Riemann zeta-function on the critical line using long Dirichlet polynomials and divisor correlations.
We introduce and study "elliptic zeta values", a two-parameter deformation of the values of Riemann's zeta function at positive integers. They are essentially Taylor coefficients of the logarithm of the elliptic gamma function, and share the SL(3,Z) modular properties of this function. Elliptic zeta values at even integers are related to Eisenstein series and thus to sums of odd powers of divisors. The elliptic zeta values at odd integers can be expressed in terms of generating series of sums of even powers of divisors.
The aim of this paper is to define new generating functions. By applying the Mellin transformation formula to these generating functions, we define q-analogue of Genocchi zeta function, q-analogue Hurwitz type Genocchi zeta function, q-analogue Genocchi type l-function and two-variable q-Genocchi type l-function. Furthermore, we construct new genereting functions of q-Hardy-Berndt type sums and q-Hardy-Berndt type sums attached to Dirichlet character. We also give some new relations related to q-Hardy-Berndt type sums and q-Genocchi zeta function as well.
A recent paper of Furdui and Valean proves some results about sums of products of "tails" of the series for the Riemann zeta function. We show how such results can be proved with weaker hypotheses using multiple zeta values, and also show how they can be generalized to products of three or more such tails.
The sum formulas for multiple zeta(-star) values and symmetric multiple zeta(-star) values bear a striking resemblance. We explain the resemblance in a rather straightforward manner using an identity that involves the Schur multiple zeta values. We also obtain the sum formula for polynomial multiple zeta(-star) values in terms of generating functions, simultaneously generalizing the sum formulas for multiple zeta(-star) values and symmetric multiple zeta(-star) values.
A typical formula of multiple zeta values is the sum formula which expresses a Riemann zeta value as a sum of all multiple zeta values of fixed weight and depth. Recently weighted sum formulas, which are weighted analogues of the sum formula, have been studied by many people. In this paper, we give two formulas of weighted sums with two parameters of multiple zeta values. As applications of the formulas, we find some linear combinations of multiple zeta values which can be expressed as polynomials of usual zeta values with coeffcients in the rational polynomial ring generated by the two parame…
We consider sums of the form $\sum ϕ(γ)$, where $ϕ$ is a given function, and $γ$ ranges over the ordinates of nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta-function in a given interval. We show how the numerical estimation of such sums can be accelerated by a simple device, and give examples involving both convergent and divergent infinite sums.
We investigate the distribution of the zeros of partial sums of the Riemann zeta-function, sum_{n\leq X}n^{-s}, estimating the number of zeros up to height T, the number of zeros to the right of a given vertical line, and other aspects of their horizontal distribution.
The Ohno relation is a well-known relation among multiple zeta values. Hirose, Onozuka, Sato, and the author investigated the sum related to the Ohno relation and presented two types of new relations and five conjectural formulas. This paper proves one of these formulas.
We define and apply a method to study the non-vanishing of $p$-adic cyclotomic multiple zeta values. We prove the non-vanishing of certain cyclotomic multiple harmonic sums, and, via a formula proved in another paper, which expresses a cyclotomic multiple harmonic sums as an infinite sum of products of $p$-adic cyclotomic multiple zeta values, this implies the non-vanishing of certain $p$-adic cyclotomic multiple zeta values.
Ohno's relation states that a certain sum, which we call an Ohno type sum, of multiple zeta values remains unchanged if we replace the base index by its dual index. In view of Oyama's theorem concerning Ohno type sums of finite and symmetric multiple zeta values, Kaneko looked at Ohno type sums of finite and symmetric multiple zeta-star values and made a conjecture on the generating function for a specific index of depth three. In this paper, we confirm this conjecture and further give a formula for arbitrary indices of depth three.
An identity involving symmetric sums of regularized multiple zeta-star values of harmonic type was proved by Hoffman. In this paper, we prove an identity of shuffle type. We use Bell polynomials appearing in the study of set partitions to prove the identity.
We establish a new decoupling inequality for curves in the spirit of [B-D1], [B-D2] which implies a new mean value theorem for certain exponential sums crucial to the Bombieri-Iwaniec method as developed further in [H]. In particular, this leads to an improved bound $|ζ(\frac 12+it)|\ll t^{53/342+\varepsilon}$ for the zeta function on the critical line
Let $γ$ denote imaginary parts of complex zeros of the Riemann zeta-function $ζ(s)$. Certain sums over the $γ$'s are evaluated, by using the function $G(s) = \sum_{γ>0}γ^{-s}$ and other techniques. Some integrals involving the function $S(T) = (1/π)\argζ(1/2+iT)$ are also considered.
We prove some identities, which involve the non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta function. From them we derive some convergent asymptotic expansions related to the work by Cramér, and also new representations for some arithmetical functions in terms of the non-trivial zeros.
In this paper, we give identities involving cyclic sums of regularized multiple zeta values of depth less than $5$. As a corollary, we present two kinds of extensions of Hoffman's theorem for symmetric sums of multiple zeta values for this case.
We construct an analytic approach to evaluate odd Euler sums, multiple zeta value $ζ(3,2,\ldots,2)$ and multiple $t$-value $t\left(3,2,\ldots,2\right)$. Moreover, we also conjecture a closed expression for multiple $t$-value $t\left(2,\ldots,2,1\right)$.
In this paper, we shall show that certain signed cyclic sums of Mordell-Tornheim L-values are rational linear combinations of products of multiple L-values of lower depths (i.e., reducible). This simultaneously generalizes some results of Subbarao and Sitaramachandrarao, and Matsumoto et al. As a direct corollary, we can prove that for any integer k>2 and positive integer n, the Mordell-Tornheim sums zeta_\MT(\{n\}_k) is reducible.
In this paper, we establish some expressions of series involving harmonic numbers and Stirling numbers of the first kind in terms of multiple zeta values, and present some new relationships between multiple zeta values and multiple zeta star values. The relationships obtained allow us to find some nice closed form representations of nonlinear Euler sums through Riemann zeta values and linear sums. Furthermore, we show that the combined sums \[H\left( {a,b;m,p} \right) := \sum\limits_{a + b = m - 1} {ζ\left( {{\left\{ p \right\}_a},p + 1,{\left\{ p \right\}_b}} \right)}\quad (m\in \N,p>1) \] an…
Partial zeta functions of algebraic varieties over finite fields generalize the classical zeta function by allowing each variable to be defined over a possibly different extension field of a fixed finite field. Due to this extra variation their rationality is surprising, and even simple examples are delicate to compute. For instance, we give a detailed description of the partial zeta function of an affine curve where the number of unit poles varies, a property different from classical zeta functions. On the other hand, they do retain some properties similar to the classical case. To this end, …
In this paper, we study various twisted A-harmonic sums, named following the seminal log-algebraicity papers of G. Anderson. These objects are partial sums of new types of special zeta values introduced by the first author and linked to certain rank one Drinfeld modules over Tate algebras in positive characteristic by Anglès, Tavares Ribeiro and the first author. We prove, by using techniques introduced by the second author, that various infinite families of such sums may be interpolated by polynomials, and we deduce, among several other results, properties of analogues of finite zeta values b…
Ohno's relation is a well-known family of relations among multiple zeta values, which can naturally be regarded as a type of duality for a certain power series which we call an Ohno sum. In this paper, we investigate $\mathbb{Q}$-linear relations among Ohno sums which are not contained in Ohno's relation. We prove two new families of such relations, and pose several further conjectural families of such relations.
In this series we examine the calculation of the $2k$th moment and shifted moments of the Riemann zeta-function on the critical line using long Dirichlet polynomials and divisor correlations. The present paper begins the general study of what we call Type II sums which utilize a circle method framework and a convolution of shifted convolution sums to obtain all of the lower order terms in the asymptotic formula for the mean square along $[T,2T]$ of a Dirichlet polynomial of length up to $T^3$ with divisor functions as coefficients.
In this paper, we formally introduce the notion of Ap{é}ry-like sums and we show that every multiple zeta values can be expressed as a $\bf Z$-linear combination of them. We even describe a canonical way to do so. This allows us to put in a new theoretical context several identities scattered in the literature, as well as to discover many new interesting ones. We give in this paper new integral formulas for multiple zeta values and Apéry-like sums. They enable us to give a short direct proof of Zagier's formulas for $ζ(2,\ldots,2,3,2,\ldots,2)$ as well as of similar ones in the context of Ap{é…
A discussion involving the evaluation of the sum $\sum_{0<γ\le T} |ζ(1/2+iγ)|^2$ is presented, where $γ$ denotes imaginary parts of complex zeros of the Riemann zeta-function $ζ(s)$. Three theorems involving certain integrals related to this sum are proved, and the sum is unconditionally shown to be $\ll T\log^2T\log\log T$.
In this series of papers we examine the calculation of the $2k$th moment and shifted moments of the Riemann zeta-function on the critical line using long Dirichlet polynomials and divisor correlations. The present paper completes the general study of what we call Type II sums which utilize a circle method framework and a convolution of shifted convolution sums to obtain all of the lower order terms in the asymptotic formula for the mean square along $[T,2T]$ of a Dirichlet polynomial of arbitrary length with divisor functions as coefficients.
We present a unified approach which gives completely elementary proofs of three weighted sum formulae for double zeta values. This approach also leads to new evaluations of sums relating to the harmonic numbers, the alternating double zeta values, and the Witten zeta function. We discuss a heuristic for finding or dismissing the existence of similar simple sums. We also produce some new sums from recursions involving the Riemann zeta and the Dirichlet beta functions.
We prove that any Mordell-Tornheim sum with positive integer arguments can be expressed as a rational linear combination of multiple zeta values of the same weight and depth. By a result of Tsumura, it follows that any Mordell-Tornheim sum with weight and depth of opposite parity can be expressed as a rational linear combination of products of multiple zeta values of lower depth.
Bowman and Bradley proved an explicit formula for the sum of multiple zeta values whose indices are the sequence (3,1,3,1,...,3,1) with a number of 2's inserted. Kondo, Saito and Tanaka considered the similar sum of multiple zeta-star values and showed that this value is a rational multiple of a power of π. In this paper, we give an explicit formula for the rational part. In addition, we interpret the result as an identity in the harmonic algebra.
We refine a recent heuristic developed by Keating and the second author. Our improvement leads to a new integral expression for the conjectured asymptotic formula for shifted moments of the Riemann zeta-function. This expression is analogous to a formula, recently discovered by Brad Rodgers and Kannan Soundararajan, for moments of characteristic polynomials of random matrices from the unitary group.
In this series we examine the calculation of the $2k$th moment and shifted moments of the Riemann zeta-function on the critical line using long Dirichlet polynomials and divisor correlations. The present paper is concerned with the precise input of the conjectural formula for the classical shifted convolution problem for divisor sums so as to obtain all of the lower order terms in the asymptotic formula for the mean square along $[T,2T]$ of a Dirichlet polynomial of length up to $T^2$ with divisor functions as coefficients.
We study the algebra MD of generating function for multiple divisor sums and its connections to multiple zeta values. The generating functions for multiple divisor sums are formal power series in q with coefficients in Q arising from the calculation of the Fourier expansion of multiple Eisenstein series. We show that the algebra MD is a filtered algebra equipped with a derivation and use this derivation to prove linear relations in MD. The (quasi-)modular forms for the full modular group Sl_2(Z) constitute a sub-algebra of MD this also yields linear relations in MD. Generating functions of mul…
