arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2012.06641astro-ph.EP
收藏

边界层绕行星吸积:一个未磁化的行星能以多快的速度旋转通过它的磁盘?

Boundary Layer Circumplanetary Accretion: How Fast Could an Unmagnetized Planet Spin Up Through Its Disk?

Jiayin Dong, Yan-Fei Jiang, Phil Armitage

摘要:

气体巨行星被认为是通过一个环绕行星的圆盘来吸积它们的大部分质量。如果这颗行星没有被磁化,并且开始缓慢旋转,它将通过一个径向狭窄的边界层吸积气体,并迅速旋转起来。当行星旋转时,边界层的径向加宽减少了吸积气体的特定角动量,使行星能够找到一个低于分裂速率的终端旋转速率。在这里,我们使用轴对称粘性流体动力学模拟来量化的终端旋转速率的行星吸积从他们的环行星盘。对于一个等温的行星-盘系统,其盘尺度高度$h/r =0.1$接近行星表面,在行星分裂角速度的70%和80%之间,自旋向上切换到自旋向下。在一个定性的差异,从垂直平均模型-自旋下降可以与质量吸积共存-我们观察到\emph{decretion}伴随的解决方案,角动量正在丢失。临界旋转速率取决于行星附近的盘厚度。对于行星附近圆盘尺度高度为$h/r = 0.15$的等温系统,临界自旋速率下降到行星分裂角速度的60%到70%之间。在边界层外的圆盘中,我们识别出非定常且瞬时不对称的跨中平面的回旋环流。模拟的流动足够强大,可以在早期卫星编队中垂直重新分配固体物质。我们讨论了如何太阳系外行星的旋转测量,结合光谱和变化的原行星与环行星盘的研究,可以确定在设置巨行星自旋的磁性和非磁性过程中的作用。

英文摘要:

Gas giant planets are expected to accrete most of their mass via a circumplanetary disk. If the planet is unmagnetized and initially slowly rotating, it will accrete gas via a radially narrow boundary layer and rapidly spin up. Radial broadening of the boundary layer as the planet spins up reduces the specific angular momentum of accreted gas, allowing the planet to find a terminal rotation rate short of the breakup rate. Here, we use axisymmetric viscous hydrodynamic simulations to quantify the terminal rotation rate of planets accreting from their circumplanetary disks. For an isothermal planet-disk system with a disk scale height $h/r =0.1$ near the planetary surface, spin up switches to spin down at between 70\% and 80\% of the planet's breakup angular velocity. In a qualitative difference from vertically-averaged models -- where spin down can co-exist with mass accretion -- we observe \emph{decretion} accompanying solutions where angular momentum is being lost. The critical spin rate depends upon the disk thickness near the planet. For an isothermal system with a disk scale height of $h/r = 0.15$ near the planet, the critical spin rate drops to between 60\% and 70\% of the planet's breakup angular velocity. In the disk outside the boundary layer, we identify meridional circulation flows, which are unsteady and instantaneously asymmetric across the mid-plane. The simulated flows are strong enough to vertically redistribute solid material in early-stage satellite formation. We discuss how extrasolar planetary rotation measurements, when combined with spectroscopic and variability studies of protoplanets with circumplanetary disks, could determine the role of magnetic and non-magnetic processes in setting giant planet spins.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑