解释PDS 70 c的ALMA多波长连续谱观测：行星周盘中的光学厚尘埃环
Interpreting ALMA Multiwavelength Continuum Observations of PDS 70 c: An Optically Thick Dust Ring in the Circumplanetary Disk
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中文总结 AI 辅助
研究PDS 70 c行星周盘，用结合气体吸积、尘埃演化和尘埃热辐射的尘埃环模型解释多波长观测，表明该模型符合观测，且尘埃环可能满足卫星形成条件。
中文摘要 AI 辅助
巨行星在气体吸积过程中形成行星周盘（CPD）。PDS 70 c的CPD已被ALMA在（亚）毫米连续谱发射中探测到，其光谱指数表明该盘在很宽的波长范围内是光学厚的。然而，这与之前的CPD尘埃模型不一致。本文提出新解释，展示含多种因素的尘埃环模型符合观测。
英文摘要
Giant planets form small gas disks, called circumplanetary disks (CPDs), during gas accretion. The CPD of PDS 70 c has been detected by the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in (sub)millimeter continuum emission, which is interpreted as thermal emission from dust in the CPD. The resulting spectral index suggests that the disk is optically thick over a wide range of wavelengths. However, this is inconsistent with previous CPD dust models, which predict that the disk is optically thin because of radial dust drift. Here, we present a new interpretation of the multiwavelength observations: the CPD hosts an optically thick dust ring, whose existence has been discussed in the context of satellite formation. We demonstrate that a dust-ring model that incorporates gas accretion, dust evolution, and dust thermal emission, is consistent with the observations under reasonable conditions, whereas a conventional ring-less model requires more stringent conditions. We also show that the dust ring inferred from the observations potentially satisfies the conditions for exomoon formation via streaming instability and subsequent gravitational instability.
