Riemann's hypothesis, formulated in 1859, concerns the location of the zeros of Riemann's Zeta function. The history of the Riemann hypothesis is well known. In 1859, the German mathematician B. Riemann presented a paper to the Berlin Academy of Mathematic. In that paper, he proposed that this function, called Riemann-zeta function takes values 0 on the complex plane when s=0.5+it. This hypothesis has great significance for the world of mathematics and physics. This solutions would lead to innumerable completions of theorems that rely upon its truth. Over a billion zeros of the function have been calculated by computers and shown that all are on this line s = 0.5+it. In this paper, we initially show that Riemann's (Zêta) function and the analytical extension of this function called (Aleph)) are distinct. After extending this function in the complex plane except the point s=1, we will show the existence and then the uniqueness of real part zeros equal to 1/2.
An equivalent formulation of the Riemann hypothesis is given. The physical interpretation of the Riemann hypothesis equivalent formulation is given in the framework of quantum theory terminology. One more power series related to the Riemann Xi function and the Riemann hypothesis is considered. Some roots of the polynomial connected with the power series are studied. It is shown that the Riemann hypothesis is true. But it is undecidable and must be considered as an axiom.
Through an equivalent condition on the Farey series set forth by Franel and Landau, we prove Riemann Hypothesis for the Riemann zeta-function and the Dirichlet L-function.
This paper use Nevanlinna's Second Main Theorem of the value distribution theory, we got an important conclusion by Riemann hypothesis. this conclusion contradicts the Theorem 8.12 in Titchmarsh's book "Theory of the Riemann Zeta-functions", therefore we prove that Riemann hypothesis is incorrect.
The Riemann Hypothesis is not proved yet and this article gives a possible proof for the hypothesis which confirms that the only possible nontrivial zeros of the Riemann zeta-function has its real value equal to 1/2. From the result, the application of the Riemann Hypothesis will be certified, e.g. research on prime numbers.
A proof for the original Riemann hypothesis is proposed based on the infinite Hadamard product representation for the Riemann zeta function and later generalized to Dirichlet L-functions. The extension of the hypothesis to other functions is also discussed.
Beginning from the formal resolution of Riemann Zeta function, by using the formula of inner product between two infinite-dimensional vectors in the complex space, the author proved the world's baffling problem -- Riemann hypothesis raised by German mathematician B. Riemann in 1859.
A short proof of the generalized Riemann hypothesis (gRH in short) for zeta functions $ζ_{k}$ of algebraic number fields $k$ - based on the Hecke's proof of the functional equation for $ζ_{k}$ and the method of the proof of the Riemann hypothesis derived in [$M_{A}$] (algebraic proof of the Riemann hypothesis) is given. The generalized Riemann hypothesis for Dirichlet L-functions is an immediately consequence of (gRH) for $ζ_{k}$ and suitable product formula which connects the Dedekind zetas with L-functions.
We give a short Wiener measure proof of the Riemann hypothesis based on a surprising, unexpected and deep relation between the Riemann zeta $ζ(s)$ and the trivial zeta $ζ_{t}(s):=Im(s)(2Re(s)-1)$.
Beginning from the resolution of Dirichlet L function, using the inner product formula of infinite-dimensional vectors in the complex space, the author proved the world's baffling problem--Generalized Riemann hypothesis.
A new equivalence to the Riemann Hypothesis by means of the Salem integral equation
Instituto de Matemáticas y Aplicaciones (IMAULL), Universidad de La Laguna（拉戈纳大学数学与应用研究所）；Departamento de Análisis Matemático, Universidad de La Laguna（拉戈纳大学数学分析系）
We give a short probabilistic (a Brownian motion) proof of the Riemann hypothesis based on some surprising, unexpected and deep algebraic conjecture (MAC in short) concerning the relation between the Riemann zeta $ξ$ and a trivial zeta $ζ_{t}$. That algebraic conjecture was firstly discovered and formulated in [MA]
It is proposed that the validity, or not, of the Riemann Hypothesis might be established on the basis of the integral $$\int\frac{ξ(2s)}{ξ(s)}ds$$ where $$ξ(s)=(s-1)π^{-s/2}Γ(1+s/2)ζ(s).$$
An elementary analytic proof of the famous Riemann hypothesis is given. The main "accent" of the proof is a both using of the 2-dimensional double real and complex Laplace integral representations of the Green function $\mid z \mid^{-2}$.
Starting from the Euler's identity, the author improved Riemann's results, discovered the relationship between the Riemann Zeta function and the prime function, and obtained two new corollaries based on Riemann hypothesis is tenable. From these corollaries, the author found the relationship between the p_m, its subscript m and the t_m, and obtains a complete table of primes (less than 5000).
We deal with the Euler's alternating series of the Riemann zeta function to define a regularized ratio appeared in the functional equation even in the critical strip and show some evidence to indicate the hypothesis in this note.
From Bombieri's mean value theorem one can deduce the prime number theorem being equivalent to the Riemann hypothesis and the least prime P(q) satisfying P(q)= O(q^2 [ln q]^32) in any arithmetic progressions with common difference q.
The Riemann hypothesis is proved by quantum-extending the zeta Riemann function to a quantum mapping between quantum $1$-spheres with quantum algebra $A=\mathbb{C}$, in the sense of A. Prástaro \cite{PRAS01, PRAS02}. Algebraic topologic properties of quantum-complex manifolds and suitable bordism groups of morphisms in the category $\mathfrak{Q}_{\mathbb{C}}$ of quantum-complex manifolds are utilized.
An explicit identity of sums of powers of complex functions presented via this a closed-form formula of Riemann zeta function produced at any given non-zero complex numbers. The closed-form formula showed us Riemann zeta function has no unique solution for any given non-zero complex numbers which means Riemann zeta function is entirely divergent. Infinitely many zeros of Riemann zeta function produced unfortunately those zeros also gives us non-zero values of Riemann zeta function. Among those zeros some of them are zeros of Riemann hypothesis. The present paper also discussed on eta function(…
In the paper, we first prove a sufficient condition for the Riemann hypothesis which involves the order of magnitude of the partial sum of the Liouville function. Then we show a formula which is curiously related to the proved sufficient condition.
In this paper, a positive answer to the Riemann hypothesis is given by using a new result that predict the exact location of zeros of the alternating zeta function on the critical strip.
Paper has been withdrawn due to an error in the basic argument that the states corresponding to the zeros of Riemann Zeta with Re[s]<1/2 allow a Fourier expansion in the basis provided by the states having Re[s]>= 1/2.
This article contains work associated with a resolution of the Riemann hypothesis, following work by Taylor \cite{prt}, Lagarias and Suzuki \cite{lagandsuz} and Ki \cite{ki}, as well as Pustyl'nikov \cite{pust, pust2} and Keiper \cite{keiper}. Functions $ξ_+(s)$ and $ξ_-(s)$ are considered, for which it is known that all zeros lie on the critical line. The Riemann hypothesis itself pertains to the question of the location of the zeros of the sum and difference of $ξ_+(s)$ and $ξ_-(s)$, and this is investigated. An argument is developed which prima facie establishes the validity of the Riemann …
The paper provides the proof of the Rimann's conjecture. The results of the works of A. M. Odlyzko and H. te Riile "Disproof of the Conjecture", which gives a disproof of the Mertens hypothesis, using to prove the Riemann's hypothesis. This paper introduces new finite series of exponential function, which is determined by the even number. The amount of multiple natural numbers is compared with the amount of the functional progression and their numerical value is faund. The paper introduces new concepts in analytic number theory as "natural numbers that overlap". Also, a theorem proved, which g…
We study the algebraic structure of the eigenvalues of a Hamiltonian that corresponds to a many-body fermionic system. As the Hamiltonian is quadratic in fermion creation and/or annihilation operators, the system is exactly integrable and the complete single fermion excitation energy spectrum is constructed using the non-interacting fermions that are eigenstates of the quadratic matrix related to the system Hamiltonian. Connection to the Riemann Hypothesis is discussed.
The transformations of the sum identities for generalized harmonic and oscillatory numbers, obtained earlier in our recent report [1], enable us to derive the new identities expressed in terms of the corresponding square roots of x. At least one of these identities may be applied to prove the Riemann Hypothesis by induction. Additionally using this approach, the new series for Euler's constant gamma has been found.
In the paper the well known Riemann Hypothesis is proven. The proof is based on uniform approximation of the zeta function discs of the critical strip placed to the right from the critical line.The basic moment is a use of a new mesure introduced in the infinite dimensional unite cube different from the Haar or product measures
The introduction of strings into the study of the Riemann Hypothesis provides a visualization of the genesis of zeros for the Zeta function. The method is heuristic and when originally introduced suggested strong visual evidence for the truth of the Riemann Hypothesis. Some sort of organizing principle for strings with similar t values is observed and points towards a region between (1, 0) and (0, 0) on the abscissa, and within order unity along the ordinate. Progress in understanding these observations has been made by expanding the domain of sigma from the critical strip, [0, 1], to the half…
Hypothesis of Riemann is rejected by definition, because ζ(s), where s zeros of ζ(s)=0, is not be equal by definition to the particular sum, which it assumes to be equal. R(s) = 1/2 holds only for the zeros of ζ(s) = 0 and for the zeros of certain related functions. However, it does not hold for certain special generalized functions of ζ(), such the Zeta Hurwitz functions and their sums.
This paper presents a new approach towards the Riemann Hypothesis. On iterative expansion of integration term in functional equation of the Riemann zeta function we get sum of two series functions. At the `non-trivial' zeros of zeta function, value of the series is zero. Thus, Riemann hypothesis is false if that happens for an `s' off the line $\Re(s)=1/2$ ( the critical line). This series has two components $f(s)$ and $f(1-s)$. For the hypothesis to be false one component is additive inverse of the other. From geometric analysis of spiral geometry representing the component series functions $…
A work by Nicolas has shown that if it can be proven that a certain inequality holds for all $n$, the Riemann hypothesis is true. This inequality is associated with the Mertens theorem, and hence the Euler totient at $\prod_{k=1}^n p_k$, where $n$ is any integer and $p_n$ is the $n$-th prime. We shall show that indeed the Nicolas inequality holds for all $n$.
A strategy for proving (not a proof of, as was the first over-optimistic belief) the Riemann hypothesis is suggested. The vanishing of Riemann Zeta reduces to an orthogonality condition for the eigenfunctions of a non-Hermitian operator D^+ having the zeros of Riemann Zeta as its eigenvalues. The construction of D^+ is inspired by the conviction that Riemann Zeta is associated with a physical system allowing superconformal transformations as its symmetries and second quantization in terms of the representations of superconformal algebra. The eigenfunctions of D^+ are analogous to the so called…
I present two independent proofs of the Riemann Hypothesis considered by many the greatest unsolved problem in mathematics. I find that the admissible domain of complex zeros of the Riemann Zeta Function is the critical line. The methods and results of this paper are based on well-known theorems on the number of zeros for complex value functions (Jensen, Titchmarsh, Rouche theorems), with the Riemann Mapping Theorem acting as a bridge between the Unit Disk on the complex plane and the critical strip. By primarily relying on well-known theorems of complex analysis our approach makes this paper …
We have dealt with the Euler's alternating series of the Riemann zeta function to define a regularized ratio appeared in the functional equation even in the critical strip and showed some evidence to indicate the hypothesis. We briefly review the essential points and we also define a finite ratio in the functional equation from divergent quantities in this note.
In this paper we propose a quantum gauge system from which we construct generalized Wilson loops which will be as quantum knots. From quantum knots we give a classification table of knots where knots are one-to-one assigned with an integer such that prime knots are bijectively assigned with prime numbers and the prime number 2 corresponds to the trefoil knot. Then by considering the quantum knots as periodic orbits of the quantum system and by the identity of knots with integers and an approach which is similar to the quantum chaos approach of Berry and Keating we derive a trace formula which …
The meromorphic function $W(s)$ introduced in the Riemann-Zeta function $ζ(s) = W(s) ζ(1-s)$ maps the line of $s = 1/2 + it$ onto the unit circle in $W$-space. $|W(s)| = 0$ gives the trivial zeroes of the Riemann-Zeta function $ζ(s)$. In the range: $0 < |W(s)| \neq 1$, $ζ(s)$ does not have nontrivial zeroes. $|W(s)|=1$ is the necessary condition for the nontrivial zeros of the Riemann-Zeta function. Writing $s = σ+ it$, in the range: $0 \leq σ\leq 1$, but $σ\neq 1/2$, even if $|W(s)|=1$, the Riemann-Zeta function $ζ(s)$ is non-zero. Based on these arguments, the nontrivial zeros of the Riemann…
We present a quantum mechanical model which establishes the veracity of the Riemann hypothesis that the non-trivial zeros of the Riemann zeta-function lie on the critical line of $ζ(s)$.
In this paper we are going to describe the results of the computer experiment, which in principle can rule out the Riemann Hypothesis. We use the sequence $c_k$ appearing in the \BD criterion for the RH. Namely we calculate $c_{100000}$ with thousand digits of accuracy using two different formulas for $c_k$ with the aim to disproof the Riemann Hypothesis in the case these two numbers will differ. We found the discrepancy only on the 996 decimal place (accuracy of $10^{-996}$). The reported here experiment can be of interest for developers of Mathematica and PARI/GP.
We present a Non-relativistic Quantum mechanical model, which exhibits the realization of Riemann Conjecture. The technique depends on exposing the $S$-wave Jost function at zero energy and in identifying it with the Riemann $ξ(s)$ function following a seminal paper of N. N. Khuri.
We invoke Carlson's theorem to justify and to confirm the results previously obtained on the validity of Riemann Hypothesis via the coupling constant spectrum of the zero energy S-wave Jost function a la N. N. Khuri, for the real, repulsive inverse-square potential in non-relativistic quantum mechanics in 3 dimensions.
We present, using spectral analysis, a possible way to prove the Riemann's hypothesis (RH) that the only zeroes of the Riemann zeta-function are of the form s=1/2+iλ_n. A supersymmetric quantum mechanical model is proposed as an alternative way to prove the Riemann's conjecture, inspired in the Hilbert-Polya proposal; it uses an inverse eigenvalue approach associated with a system of p-adic harmonic oscillators. An interpretation of the Riemann's fundamental relation Z(s) = Z(1-s) as a duality relation, from one fractal string L to another dual fractal string L' is proposed.
