Perfectly matched layers (PMLs) are formulated and applied to numerically solve nonlocal Helmholtz equations in one and two dimensions. In one dimension, we present the PML modifications for the nonlocal Helmholtz equation with general kernels and theoretically show its effectiveness in some sense. In two dimensions, we give the PML modifications in both Cartesian coordinates and polar coordinates. Based on the PML modifications, nonlocal Helmholtz equations are truncated in one and two dimensional spaces, and asymptotic compatibility schemes are introduced to discretize the resulting truncated problems. Finally, numerical examples are provided to study the "numerical reflections" by PMLs and demonstrate the effectiveness and validation of our nonlocal PML strategy.
We consider the computation of a nonlocal Helmholtz equation by using Perfectly Matched Layer (PML). We first derive the nonlocal PML equation by extending PML modifications from the local operator to the nonlocal operator of integral form. We then give stability estimates of some weighted average value of the nonlocal Helmholtz solution and prove that (i) the weighted average value of the nonlocal PML solution decays exponentially in PML layers in one case; (ii) in the other case, the weighted average value of the nonlocal Helmholtz solution itself decays exponentially outside some domain. Pa…
A crucial part of successful wave propagation related inverse problems is an efficient and accurate numerical scheme for solving the seismic wave equations. In particular, the numerical solution to a multi-dimensional Helmholtz equation can be troublesome when the perfectly matched layer (PML) boundary condition is implemented. In this paper, we present a general approach for constructing fourth-order finite difference schemes for the Helmholtz equation with PML in the two-dimensional domain based on point-weighting strategy. Particularly, we develop two optimal fourth-order finite difference …
Numerical resolution of exterior Helmholtz problems requires some approach to domain truncation. As an alternative to approximate nonreflecting boundary conditions and invocation of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map, we introduce a new, nonlocal boundary condition. This condition is exact and requires the evaluation of layer potentials involving the free space Green's function. However, it seems to work in general unstructured geometry, and Galerkin finite element discretization leads to convergence under the usual mesh constraints imposed by Gårding-type inequalities. The nonlocal boundary conditi…
Asymptotic spectral properties and preconditioning of an approximated nonlocal Helmholtz equation with Caputo fractional Laplacian and variable coefficient wave number $μ$
A nonlocal perfectly matched layer (PML) is formulated for the nonlocal wave equation in the whole real axis and numerical discretization is designed for solving the reduced PML problem on a bounded domain. The nonlocal PML poses challenges not faced in PDEs. For example, there is no derivative in nonlocal models, which makes it impossible to replace derivates with complex ones. Here we provide a way of constructing the PML for nonlocal models, which decays the waves exponentially impinging in the layer and makes reflections at the truncated boundary very tiny. To numerically solve the nonloca…
The technique of complex scaling for time harmonic wave type equations relies on a complex coordinate stretching to generate exponentially decaying solutions. In this work, we use a Galerkin method with ansatz functions with infinite support to discretize complex scaled Helmholtz resonance problems. We show that the approximation error of the method decays super algebraically with respect to the number of unknowns in radial direction. Numerical examples underline the theoretical findings and show the superior efficiency of our method compared to a standard perfectly matched layer method.
A nonlinear Helmholtz equation (NLH) with high wave number and Sommerfeld radiation condition is approximated by the perfectly matched layer (PML) technique and then discretized by the linear finite element method (FEM). Wave-number-explicit stability and regularity estimates and the exponential convergence are proved for the nonlinear truncated PML problem. Preasymptotic error estimates are obtained for the FEM, where the logarithmic factors in h required by the previous results for the NLH with impedance boundary condition are removed in the case of two dimensions. Moreover, local quadratic …
In this paper, we propose and test a novel diagonal sweeping domain decomposition method (DDM) with source transfer for solving the high-frequency Helmholtz equation in $\mathbb{R}^n$. In the method the computational domain is partitioned into overlapping checkerboard subdomains for source transfer with the perfectly matched layer (PML) technique, then a set of diagonal sweeps over the subdomains are specially designed to solve the system efficiently. The method improves the additive overlapping DDM (W. Leng and L. Ju, 2019) and the L-sweeps method (M. Taus, et al., 2019) by employing a more e…
We propose a pure source transfer domain decomposition method (PSTDDM) for solving the truncated perfectly matched layer (PML) approximation in bounded domain of Helmholtz scattering problem. The method is a modification of the STDDM proposed by [Z. Chen and X. Xiang, SIAM J. Numer. Anal., 51 (2013), pp. 2331--2356]. After decomposing the domain into $N$ non-overlapping layers, the STDDM is composed of two series steps of sources transfers and wave expansions, where $N-1$ truncated PML problems on two adjacent layers and $N-2$ truncated half-space PML problems are solved successively. While th…
Massively parallel Schwarz methods for the high frequency Helmholtz equation
SKLMS, Academy of Mathematics and Systems Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院数学与系统科学研究院）；School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学数学科学学院）；School of Science and Engineering, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen（香港中文大学（深圳）理工学院）；Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Bath（巴斯大学数学系）
Finite Elements for Helmholtz Scattering with Infinity as a Computational Boundary
Institute of Analysis and Scientific Computing, Technische Universität Wien（维也纳工业大学分析与科学计算研究所）；Institute for Physical Science and Technology, University of Maryland（马里兰大学物理科学与技术研究所）
Convergence of overlapping domain decomposition methods with PML transmission conditions applied to nontrapping Helmholtz problems
University College London（伦敦大学学院）；The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen（香港中文大学（深圳））；Shenzhen Research Institute of Big Data（深圳大数据研究院）；University of Bath（巴斯大学）；CNRS and Institut de Mathématiques de Toulouse, UMR5219（法国国家科学研究中心与图卢兹数学研究所；图卢兹大学）；Université de Toulouse
By utilizing the perfectly matched layer (PML) and source transfer techniques, the diagonal sweeping domain decomposition method (DDM) was recently developed for solving the high-frequency Helmholtz equation in $\mathbb{R}^n$, which uses $2^n$ sweeps along respective diagonal directions with checkerboard domain decomposition. Although this diagonal sweeping DDM is essentially multiplicative, it is highly suitable for parallel computing of the Helmholtz problem with multiple right-hand sides when combined with the pipeline processing since the number of sequential steps in each sweep is much sm…
The analysis of electromagnetic scattering in the isogeometric analysis (IGA) framework based on Loop subdivision has long been restricted to simply-connected geometries. The inability to analyze multiply-connected objects is a glaring omission. In this paper, we address this challenge. IGA provides seamless integration between the geometry and analysis by using the same basis set to represent both. In particular, IGA methods using subdivision basis sets exploit the fact that the basis functions used for surface description are smooth (with continuous second derivatives) almost everywhere. On …
In this paper, we consider numerical simulations of the nonlocal optical response of metallic nanostructure arrays inside a dielectric host, which is of particular interest to the nanoplasmonics community due to many unusual properties and potential applications. Mathematically, it is described by Maxwell's equations with discontinuous coefficients coupled with a set of Helmholtz-type equations defined only on the domains of metallic nanostructures. To solve this challenging problem, we develop an efficient multiscale method consisting of three steps. First, we extend the system into the domai…
In anisotropic media, the standard perfectly matched layer (PML) technique suffers irrevocable instability in terminating the unbounded problem domains. It remains an open question whether a stable PML-like absorbing boundary condition exists. For wave scattering in a layered orthotropic medium, this question is affirmatively answered for the first time in this paper. In each orthotropic medium, the permittivity tensor uniquely determines a change of coordinates, that transforms the governing anisotropic Helmholtz equation into an isotropic Helmholtz equation in the new coordinate system. This…
In this paper, we design a truly exact and optimal perfect absorbing layer (PAL) for domain truncation of the two-dimensional Helmholtz equation in an unbounded domain with bounded scatterers. This technique is based on a complex compression coordinate transformation in polar coordinates, and a judicious substitution of the unknown field in the artificial layer. Compared with the widely-used perfectly matched layer (PML) methods, the distinctive features of PAL lie in that (i) it is truly exact in the sense that the PAL-solution is identical to the original solution in the bounded domain reduc…
