Computer vision and machine learning can be used to automate various tasks in cancer diagnostic and detection. If an attacker can manipulate the automated processing, the results can be devastating and in the worst case lead to wrong diagnosis and treatment. In this research, the goal is to demonstrate the use of one-pixel attacks in a real-life scenario with a real pathology dataset, TUPAC16, which consists of digitized whole-slide images. We attack against the IBM CODAIT's MAX breast cancer detector using adversarial images. These adversarial examples are found using differential evolution to perform the one-pixel modification to the images in the dataset. The results indicate that a minor one-pixel modification of a whole slide image under analysis can affect the diagnosis by reversing the automatic diagnosis result. The attack poses a threat from the cyber security perspective: the one-pixel method can be used as an attack vector by a motivated attacker.
Multi-instance multi-label (MIML) learning is a challenging problem in many aspects. Such learning approaches might be useful for many medical diagnosis applications including breast cancer detection and classification. In this study subset of digiPATH dataset (whole slide digital breast cancer histopathology images) are used for training and evaluation of six state-of-the-art MIML methods. At the end, performance comparison of these approaches are given by means of effective evaluation metrics. It is shown that MIML-kNN achieve the best performance that is %65.3 average precision, where most …
University of Minnesota（明尼苏达大学）；University of Cincinnati（辛辛那提大学）
Image classification is widely used to build predictive models for breast cancer diagnosis. Most existing approaches overwhelmingly rely on deep convolutional networks to build such diagnosis pipelines. These model architectures, although remarkable in performance, are black-box systems that provide minimal insight into the inner logic behind their predictions. This is a major drawback as the explainability of prediction is vital for applications such as cancer diagnosis. In this paper, we address this issue by proposing an explainable machine learning pipeline for breast cancer diagnosis base…
University of Saskatchewan（萨斯喀彻温大学）；University of Tulane（杜兰大学）
Breast cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer-related death in women worldwide. Early and accurate diagnosis of breast cancer may significantly increase the survival rate of patients. In this study, we aim to develop a fully automatic, deep learning-based, method using descriptor features extracted by Deep Convolutional Neural Network (DCNN) models and pooling operation for the classification of hematoxylin and eosin stain (H&E) histological breast cancer images provided as a part of the International Conference on Image Analysis and Recognition (ICIAR) 2018 Grand Challenge on BreAs…
Northwestern University, Feinberg School of Medicine（西北大学范伯格医学院）；University of Illinois at Chicago（伊利诺伊大学芝加哥分校）；Mayo Clinic（妙佑医疗国际）
The recent development of imaging and sequencing technologies enables systematic advances in the clinical study of lung cancer. Meanwhile, the human mind is limited in effectively handling and fully utilizing the accumulation of such enormous amounts of data. Machine learning-based approaches play a critical role in integrating and analyzing these large and complex datasets, which have extensively characterized lung cancer through the use of different perspectives from these accrued data. In this article, we provide an overview of machine learning-based approaches that strengthen the varying a…
In healthcare, it is essential to explain the decision-making process of machine learning models to establish the trustworthiness of clinicians. This paper introduces BI-RADS-Net, a novel explainable deep learning approach for cancer detection in breast ultrasound images. The proposed approach incorporates tasks for explaining and classifying breast tumors, by learning feature representations relevant to clinical diagnosis. Explanations of the predictions (benign or malignant) are provided in terms of morphological features that are used by clinicians for diagnosis and reporting in medical pra…
Early detection of lung nodules is of great importance in lung cancer screening. Existing research recognizes the critical role played by CAD systems in early detection and diagnosis of lung nodules. However, many CAD systems, which are used as cancer detection tools, produce a lot of false positives (FP) and require a further FP reduction step. Furthermore, guidelines for early diagnosis and treatment of lung cancer are consist of different shape and volume measurements of abnormalities. Segmentation is at the heart of our understanding of nodules morphology making it a major area of interest…
Diagnosis of breast cancer has been well studied in the past. Multiple linear programming models have been devised to approximate the relationship between cell features and tumour malignancy. However, these models are less capable in handling non-linear correlations. Neural networks instead are powerful in processing complex non-linear correlations. It is thus certainly beneficial to approach this cancer diagnosis problem with a model based on neural network. Particularly, introducing bias to neural network training process is deemed as an important means to increase training efficiency. Out o…
Shenzhen University（深圳大学）；Sun Yat-Sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University（中山大学孙逸仙纪念医院）
Breast cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in women. As the primary output of breast screening, breast ultrasound (US) video contains exclusive dynamic information for cancer diagnosis. However, training models for video analysis is non-trivial as it requires a voluminous dataset which is also expensive to annotate. Furthermore, the diagnosis of breast lesion faces unique challenges such as inter-class similarity and intra-class variation. In this paper, we propose a pioneering approach that directly utilizes US videos in computer-aided breast cancer diagnosis. It leverages ma…
Deutsches Forschungszentrum für Künstliche Intelligenz GmbH (DFKI)（德国人工智能研究中心）；TU Kaiserslautern（凯泽斯劳滕工业大学）
Early detection of skin cancers like melanoma is crucial to ensure high chances of survival for patients. Clinical application of Deep Learning (DL)-based Decision Support Systems (DSS) for skin cancer screening has the potential to improve the quality of patient care. The majority of work in the medical AI community focuses on a diagnosis setting that is mainly relevant for autonomous operation. Practical decision support should, however, go beyond plain diagnosis and provide explanations. This paper provides an overview of works towards explainable, DL-based decision support in medical appli…
Thyroid cancer is common worldwide, with a rapid increase in prevalence across North America in recent years. While most patients present with palpable nodules through physical examination, a large number of small and medium-sized nodules are detected by ultrasound examination. Suspicious nodules are then sent for biopsy through fine needle aspiration. Since biopsies are invasive and sometimes inconclusive, various research groups have tried to develop computer-aided diagnosis systems. Earlier approaches along these lines relied on clinically relevant features that were manually identified by …
We introduce a new computer aided detection and diagnosis system for lung cancer screening with low-dose CT scans that produces meaningful probability assessments. Our system is based entirely on 3D convolutional neural networks and achieves state-of-the-art performance for both lung nodule detection and malignancy classification tasks on the publicly available LUNA16 and Kaggle Data Science Bowl challenges. While nodule detection systems are typically designed and optimized on their own, we find that it is important to consider the coupling between detection and diagnosis components. Exploiti…
The past years have seen a considerable increase in cancer cases. However, a cancer diagnosis is often complex and depends on the types of images provided for analysis. It requires highly skilled practitioners but is often time-consuming and error-prone. If Machine Learning and deep learning algorithms have been widely used, a comprehensive review of the techniques used from the pre-processing steps to the final prediction is lacking. With this review, we aim to provide a comprehensive overview of the current steps required in building efficient and accurate machine learning algorithm for canc…
School of Mathematics (Zhuhai), Sun Yat-sen University（中山大学（珠海）数学学院）
Rapid diagnosis of gastric cancer is a great challenge for clinical doctors. Dramatic progress of computer vision on gastric cancer has been made recently and this review focuses on advances during the past five years. Different methods for data generation and augmentation are presented, and various approaches to extract discriminative features compared and evaluated. Classification and segmentation techniques are carefully discussed for assisting more precise diagnosis and timely treatment. For classification, various methods have been developed to better proceed specific images, such as imag…
George Washington University（乔治华盛顿大学）；University of Waterloo（滑铁卢大学）；University of Toronto（多伦多大学）
This paper constructs a novel intelligent medical diagnosis system, which can realize automatic communication and breast cancer pathological image recognition. This system contains two main parts, including a pre-training chatbot called M-Chatbot and an improved neural network model of EfficientNetV2-S named EfficientNetV2-SA, in which the activation function in top layers is replaced by ACON-C. Using information retrieval mechanism, M-Chatbot instructs patients to send breast pathological image to EfficientNetV2-SA network, and then the classifier trained by transfer learning will return the …
Designing a Deep Learning-Driven Resource-Efficient Diagnostic System for Metastatic Breast Cancer: Reducing Long Delays of Clinical Diagnosis and Improving Patient Survival in Developing Countries
University of Maryland, Baltimore County（马里兰大学巴尔的摩县分校）；Meta Platforms Inc.（元平台公司）
Research Computing Center at the University of Chicago（芝加哥大学研究计算中心）
Prostate cancer is one of the most common causes of cancer deaths in men. There is a growing demand for noninvasively and accurately diagnostic methods that facilitate the current standard prostate cancer risk assessment in clinical practice. Still, developing computer-aided classification tools in prostate cancer diagnostics from multiparametric magnetic resonance images continues to be a challenge. In this work, we propose a novel deep learning approach for automatic classification of prostate lesions in the corresponding magnetic resonance images by constructing a two-stage multimodal multi…
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad（马什哈德菲尔多西大学）；Islamic Azad University, Mashhad Branch（伊斯兰阿扎德大学马什哈德分校）
Lung cancer has been one of the most prevalent disease in recent years. According to the research of this field, more than 200,000 cases are identified each year in the US. Uncontrolled multiplication and growth of the lung cells result in malignant tumour formation. Recently, deep learning algorithms, especially Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), have become a superior way to automatically diagnose disease. The purpose of this article is to review different models that lead to different accuracy and sensitivity in the diagnosis of early-stage lung cancer and to help physicians and researche…
Peking University（北京大学）；Beijing Institute of Big Data Research（北京大数据研究院）；Massachusetts General Hospital（麻省总医院）；Harvard Medical School（哈佛医学院）
Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers in women worldwide, and early detection can significantly reduce the mortality rate of breast cancer. It is crucial to take multi-scale information of tissue structure into account in the detection of breast cancer. And thus, it is the key to design an accurate computer-aided detection (CAD) system to capture multi-scale contextual features in a cancerous tissue. In this work, we present a novel graph convolutional neural network for histopathological image classification of breast cancer. The new method, named multi-scale graph wavelet neural ne…
NMAM Institute of Technology（NMAM理工学院）；Visvesvaraya Technological University（韦斯韦斯瓦拉亚理工大学）；Sahyadri College of Engineering and Management（萨亚德里工程与管理学院）；JSS Academy of Technical Education（JSS技术教育学院）
Lung cancer begins in the lungs and leading to the reason of cancer demise amid population in the creation. According to the American Cancer Society, which estimates about 27% of the deaths because of cancer. In the early phase of its evolution, lung cancer does not cause any symptoms usually. Many of the patients have been diagnosed in a developed phase where symptoms become more prominent, that results in poor curative treatment and high mortality rate. Computer Aided Detection systems are used to achieve greater accuracies for the lung cancer diagnosis. In this research exertion, we propose…
DepViT-CAD: Deployable Vision Transformer-Based Cancer Diagnosis in Histopathology
University of Padova, Italy（意大利帕多瓦大学）；Unit of Surgical Pathology and Cytopathology, Ospedale dell’Angelo, Italy（意大利奥斯佩达莱-安吉洛外科病理学与细胞病理学单位）；Pathological Anatomy Unit, Padova University-Hospital, Italy（意大利帕多瓦大学医院病理学解剖单位）；Department of Medicine, University of Padova, Italy（意大利帕多瓦大学医学系）；Department of Integrated Diagnostics, Azienda Ospedale-Università Padova, Italy（意大利帕多瓦医院-大学整合诊断系）
Cancer is a leading cause of death in many countries. An early diagnosis of cancer based on biomedical imaging ensures effective treatment and a better prognosis. However, biomedical imaging presents challenges to both clinical institutions and researchers. Physiological anomalies are often characterized by slight abnormalities in individual cells or tissues, making them difficult to detect visually. Traditionally, anomalies are diagnosed by radiologists and pathologists with extensive training. This procedure, however, demands the participation of professionals and incurs a substantial cost. …
South China University of Technology（华南理工大学）；Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital（广东省人民医院）；Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences（广东省医学科学院）
Ultrasonography is an important routine examination for breast cancer diagnosis, due to its non-invasive, radiation-free and low-cost properties. However, the diagnostic accuracy of breast cancer is still limited due to its inherent limitations. It would be a tremendous success if we can precisely diagnose breast cancer by breast ultrasound images (BUS). Many learning-based computer-aided diagnostic methods have been proposed to achieve breast cancer diagnosis/lesion classification. However, most of them require a pre-define ROI and then classify the lesion inside the ROI. Conventional classif…
Dartmouth College（达特茅斯学院）；Dartmouth-Hitchcock Medical Center（达特茅斯-希区柯克医疗中心）；Geisel School of Medicine（盖塞尔医学院）；Metrohealth System（都会医疗系统）；Case Western Reserve University（凯斯西储大学）
Recently, there has been great interest in developing Artificial Intelligence (AI) enabled computer-aided diagnostics solutions for the diagnosis of skin cancer. With the increasing incidence of skin cancers, low awareness among a growing population, and a lack of adequate clinical expertise and services, there is an immediate need for AI systems to assist clinicians in this domain. A large number of skin lesion datasets are available publicly, and researchers have developed AI-based image classification solutions, particularly deep learning algorithms, to distinguish malignant skin lesions fr…
NYU Center for Data Science（纽约大学数据科学中心）；Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences, NYU（纽约大学库朗数学科学研究所）；NYU Grossman School of Medicine（纽约大学格罗斯曼医学院）；Jagiellonian University（雅盖隆大学）
In the last few years, deep learning classifiers have shown promising results in image-based medical diagnosis. However, interpreting the outputs of these models remains a challenge. In cancer diagnosis, interpretability can be achieved by localizing the region of the input image responsible for the output, i.e. the location of a lesion. Alternatively, segmentation or detection models can be trained with pixel-wise annotations indicating the locations of malignant lesions. Unfortunately, acquiring such labels is labor-intensive and requires medical expertise. To overcome this difficulty, weakl…
Peking University（北京大学）；Virginia Military Institute（弗吉尼亚军事学院）
In this paper, we present an uncertainty-aware INVASE to quantify predictive confidence of healthcare problem. By introducing learnable Gaussian distributions, we lever-age their variances to measure the degree of uncertainty. Based on the vanilla INVASE, two additional modules are proposed, i.e., an uncertainty quantification module in the predictor, and a reward shaping module in the selector. We conduct extensive experiments on UCI-WDBC dataset. Notably, our method eliminates almost all predictive bias with only about 20% queries, while the uncertainty-agnostic counterpart requires nearly 1…
Northeastern University（东北大学）；China Medical University（中国医科大学）；University of Luebeck（吕贝克大学）
The gold standard for gastric cancer detection is gastric histopathological image analysis, but there are certain drawbacks in the existing histopathological detection and diagnosis. In this paper, based on the study of computer aided diagnosis system, graph based features are applied to gastric cancer histopathology microscopic image analysis, and a classifier is used to classify gastric cancer cells from benign cells. Firstly, image segmentation is performed, and after finding the region, cell nuclei are extracted using the k-means method, the minimum spanning tree (MST) is drawn, and graph …
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death worldwide. Lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) and lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) are the most common histologic subtypes of non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Histology is an essential tool for lung cancer diagnosis. Pathologists make classifications according to the dominant subtypes. Although morphology remains the standard for diagnosis, significant tool needs to be developed to elucidate the diagnosis. In our study, we utilize the pre-trained Vision Transformer (ViT) model to classify multiple label lung cancer on histologic slices (fr…
Transfer learning allows us to exploit knowledge gained from one task to assist in solving another but relevant task. In modern computer vision research, the question is which architecture performs better for a given dataset. In this paper, we compare the performance of 14 pre-trained ImageNet models on the histopathologic cancer detection dataset, where each model has been configured as a naive model, feature extractor model, or fine-tuned model. Densenet161 has been shown to have high precision whilst Resnet101 has a high recall. A high precision model is suitable to be used when follow-up e…
Faculty of Informatics and Computer Science（信息与计算机科学学院）；The British University in Egypt（埃及英国大学）；Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University（苏伊士运河大学理学院）
Breast cancer is one of the leading fatal disease worldwide with high risk control if early discovered. Conventional method for breast screening is x-ray mammography, which is known to be challenging for early detection of cancer lesions. The dense breast structure produced due to the compression process during imaging lead to difficulties to recognize small size abnormalities. Also, inter- and intra-variations of breast tissues lead to significant difficulties to achieve high diagnosis accuracy using hand-crafted features. Deep learning is an emerging machine learning technology that requires…
Maastricht University Medical Centre+（马斯特里赫特大学医学中心+）；GROW School for Oncology and Developmental Biology（GROW肿瘤学与发育生物学学院）
Early diagnosis of lung cancer is a key intervention for the treatment of lung cancer computer aided diagnosis (CAD) can play a crucial role. However, most published CAD methods treat lung cancer diagnosis as a lung nodule classification problem, which does not reflect clinical practice, where clinicians diagnose a patient based on a set of images of nodules, instead of one specific nodule. Besides, the low interpretability of the output provided by these methods presents an important barrier for their adoption. In this article, we treat lung cancer diagnosis as a multiple instance learning (M…
Using Computer Vision for Skin Disease Diagnosis in Bangladesh Enhancing Interpretability and Transparency in Deep Learning Models for Skin Cancer Classification
University of Idaho（爱达荷大学）；Harbin Institute of Technology（哈尔滨工业大学）；Medical College at Qingdao University（青岛大学医学院）
Deep learning-based computer-aided diagnosis has achieved unprecedented performance in breast cancer detection. However, most approaches are computationally intensive, which impedes their broader dissemination in real-world applications. In this work, we propose an efficient and light-weighted multitask learning architecture to classify and segment breast tumors simultaneously. We incorporate a segmentation task into a tumor classification network, which makes the backbone network learn representations focused on tumor regions. Moreover, we propose a new numerically stable loss function that e…
Faculty of Engineering and Applied Science, Ontario Tech University（安大略理工大学工程与应用科学学院）；Faculty of Business and Information Technology, Ontario Tech University（安大略理工大学商业与信息技术学院）
Deep learning has introduced several learning-based methods to recognize breast tumours and presents high applicability in breast cancer diagnostics. It has presented itself as a practical installment in Computer-Aided Diagnostic (CAD) systems to further assist radiologists in diagnostics for different modalities. A deep learning network trained on images provided by hospitals or public databases can perform classification, detection, and segmentation of lesion types. Significant progress has been made in recognizing tumours on 2D images but recognizing 3D images remains a frontier so far. The…
Qatar University（卡塔尔大学）；Izmir University of Economics（伊兹密尔经济大学）；Tampere University of Technology（坦佩雷理工大学）
Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) based on histopathological imaging has progressed rapidly in recent years with the rise of machine learning based methodologies. Traditional approaches consist of training a classification model using features extracted from the images, based on textures or morphological properties. Recently, deep-learning based methods have been applied directly to the raw (unprocessed) data. However, their usability is impacted by the paucity of annotated data in the biomedical sector. In order to leverage the learning capabilities of deep Convolutional Neural Nets (CNNs) withi…
The MRI Institute for Biomedical Research（MRI 生物医学研究所）；Uber Technologies Inc.（优步技术公司）；LinkedIn（领英公司）；USAA（美国汽车协会联合服务银行）
A novel deep learning architecture (XmasNet) based on convolutional neural networks was developed for the classification of prostate cancer lesions, using the 3D multiparametric MRI data provided by the PROSTATEx challenge. End-to-end training was performed for XmasNet, with data augmentation done through 3D rotation and slicing, in order to incorporate the 3D information of the lesion. XmasNet outperformed traditional machine learning models based on engineered features, for both train and test data. For the test data, XmasNet outperformed 69 methods from 33 participating groups and achieved …
Lovely Professional University（洛弗利专业大学）；Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology（孟加拉国工程技术大学）；Maharaja Agrasen Institute of Technology（马哈拉贾·阿格拉森技术学院）；University of Economics Ho Chi Minh City（胡志明市经济大学）
Breast cancer is a common cancer for women. Early detection of breast cancer can considerably increase the survival rate of women. This paper mainly focuses on transfer learning process to detect breast cancer. Modified VGG (MVGG), residual network, mobile network is proposed and implemented in this paper. DDSM dataset is used in this paper. Experimental results show that our proposed hybrid transfers learning model (Fusion of MVGG16 and ImageNet) provides an accuracy of 88.3% where the number of epoch is 15. On the other hand, only modified VGG 16 architecture (MVGG 16) provides an accuracy 8…
Low grade endometrial stromal sarcoma (LGESS) is rare form of cancer, accounting for about 0.2% of all uterine cancer cases. Approximately 75% of LGESS patients are initially misdiagnosed with leiomyoma, which is a type of benign tumor, also known as fibroids. In this research, uterine tissue biopsy images of potential LGESS patients are preprocessed using segmentation and staining normalization algorithms. A variety of classic machine learning and leading deep learning models are then applied to classify tissue images as either benign or cancerous. For the classic techniques considered, the h…
Zhengzhou University（郑州大学）；Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院）；Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University（武汉大学人民医院）；Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital（广东省人民医院）；Radboud University Medical Center（拉德堡德大学医学中心）；Wuhan University People's Hospital（武汉大学人民医院）
Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) based on multi-parametric MRI classiêes patients into 5 categories (PI-RADS 1-5) for routine clinical diagnosis guidance. However, there is no consensus on whether PI-RADS 3 patients should go through biopsies. Mining features from these hard samples (HS) is meaningful for physicians to achieve accurate diagnoses. Currently, the mining of HS biomarkers is insuìcient, and the eéectiveness and robustness of HS biomarkers for prostate cancer diagnosis have not been explored. In this study, biomarkers from diéerent data distributions are constru…
We developed a deep learning framework that helps to automatically identify and segment lung cancer areas in patients' tissue specimens. The study was based on a cohort of lung cancer patients operated at the Uppsala University Hospital. The tissues were reviewed by lung pathologists and then the cores were compiled to tissue micro-arrays (TMAs). For experiments, hematoxylin-eosin stained slides from 712 patients were scanned and then manually annotated. Then these scans and annotations were used to train segmentation models of the developed framework. The performance of the developed deep lea…
King Khalid University（哈立德国王大学）；Taif University（塔伊夫大学）
Discovering oral cavity cancer (OCC) at an early stage is an effective way to increase patient survival rate. However, current initial screening process is done manually and is expensive for the average individual, especially in developing countries worldwide. This problem is further compounded due to the lack of specialists in such areas. Automating the initial screening process using artificial intelligence (AI) to detect pre-cancerous lesions can prove to be an effective and inexpensive technique that would allow patients to be triaged accordingly to receive appropriate clinical management.…
CancerUniT: Towards a Single Unified Model for Effective Detection, Segmentation, and Diagnosis of Eight Major Cancers Using a Large Collection of CT Scans
DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group（阿里巴巴集团达摩院）；Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学）；Hupan Lab（湖畔实验室）；Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center（中山大学肿瘤防治中心）；Sichuan Cancer Hospital（四川省肿瘤医院）；The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University（浙江大学医学院附属第一医院）；Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University（中国医科大学附属盛京医院）；Guangdong Provincial People’s Hospital（广东省人民医院）
Diagnosis of pulmonary lesions from computed tomography (CT) is important but challenging for clinical decision making in lung cancer related diseases. Deep learning has achieved great success in computer aided diagnosis (CADx) area for lung cancer, whereas it suffers from label ambiguity due to the difficulty in the radiological diagnosis. Considering that invasive pathological analysis serves as the clinical golden standard of lung cancer diagnosis, in this study, we solve the label ambiguity issue via a large-scale radio-pathomics dataset containing 5,134 radiological CT images with patholo…
