Let $L$ be a linear operator in $L^2(\mathbb{R}^n)$ which generates a semigroup $e^{-tL}$ whose kernels $p_t(x,y)$ satisfy the Gaussian upper bound. In this paper, we investigate several kinds of weighted norm inequalities for the conical square function $S_{α,L}$ associated with an abstract operator $L$. We first establish two-weight inequalities including bump estimates, and Fefferman-Stein inequalities with arbitrary weights. We also present the local decay estimates using the extrapolation techniques, and the mixed weak type estimates corresponding Sawyer's conjecture by means of a Coifman-Fefferman inequality. Beyond that, we consider other weak type estimates including the restricted weak-type $(p, p)$ for $S_{α, L}$ and the endpoint estimate for commutators of $S_{α, L}$. Finally, all the conclusions aforementioned can be applied to a number of square functions associated to $L$.
In this paper, by using the atomic decomposition theory of weighted Hardy spaces, we will give some weighted weak type estimates for intrinsic square functions including the Lusin area function, Littlewood-Paley $g$-function and $g^*_λ$-function on these spaces.
In this paper, by using the atomic decomposition theorem for weighted weak Hardy spaces, we will show the boundedness properties of intrinsic square functions including the Lusin area integral, Littlewood-Paley $g$-function and $g^*_λ$-function on these spaces.
In this paper, we will obtain the weak type estimates of intrinsic square functions including the Lusin area integral, Littlewood-Paley $g$-function and $g^*_λ$-function on the weighted Morrey spaces $L^{1,κ}(w)$ for $0<κ<1$ and $w\in A_1$.
We obtain a new square function characterization of the weak Hardy space $H^{p,\infty}$ for all $p\in(0,\iy)$. This space consists of all tempered distributions whose smooth maximal function lies in weak $L^p$. Our proof is based on interpolation between $H^p$ spaces. The main difficulty we overcome is the lack of a good dense subspace of $H^{p,\infty}$ which forces us to work with general $H^{p,\infty}$ distributions.
We consider the weak-type inequality for Littlewood-Paley square functions on A_p weighted Lebesgue spaces. Of interest is the sharp in the A_p characteristic estimate. The case of 1<p<2 is subcritical, and the sharp power of 1/p is established. In the critical case of p=2, we miss the critical exponent 1/2 by a logarithm of the A_p characteristic. These estimates improve on known estimates for 1<p<3.
We begin with an overview on square functions for spherical and Bochner-Riesz means which were introduced by Eli Stein, and discuss their implications for radial multipliers and associated maximal functions. We then prove new endpoint estimates for these square functions, for the maximal Bochner-Riesz operator, and for more general classes of radial Fourier multipliers.
We prove sharp weak and strong type weighted estimates for a class of dyadic operators that includes majorants of both standard singular integrals and square functions. Our main new result is the optimal bound $[w]_{A_p}^{1/p}[w]_{A_\infty}^{1/2-1/p}\lesssim [w]_{A_p}^{1/2}$ for the weak type norm of square functions on $L^p(w)$ for $p>2$; previously, such a bound was only known with a logarithmic correction. By the same approach, we also recover several related results in a streamlined manner.
We prove endpoint bounds for the square function associated with radial Fourier multipliers acting on $L^{p}$ radial functions. This is a consequence of endpoint bounds for a corresponding square function for Hankel multipliers. We obtain a sharp Marcinkiewicz-type multiplier theorem for multivariate Hankel multipliers and $L^p$ bounds of maximal operators generated by Hankel multipliers as corollaries. The proof is built on techniques developed by Garrigós and Seeger for characterizations of Hankel multipliers.
The classical Lebedev index transform (1967), involving squares and products of the Legendre functions is generalized on the associated Legendre functions of an arbitrary order. Mapping properties are investigated in the Lebesgue spaces. Inversion formulas are proved. As an interesting application, a solution to the boundary value problem for a third order partial differential equation is obtained.
We consider generalized Bochner-Riesz multipliers of the form $(1-ρ(ξ))_+^λ$ where $ρ:\mathbb{R}^2\to\mathbb{R}$ belongs to a class of rough distance functions homogeneous with respect to a nonisotropic dilation group. We prove a critical $L^4$ estimate for the associated square function, which we use to derive multiplier theorems for multipliers of the form $m\circρ$ where $m:\mathbb{R}\to\mathbb{C}$.
In this note we give a new proof of the sharp constant $C = e^{-1/2} + \int_0^1 e^{-x^2/2}\,dx$ in the weak (1, 1) inequality for the dyadic square function. The proof makes use of two Bellman functions $\mathbb{L}$ and $\mathbb{M}$ related to the problem, and relies on certain relationships between $\mathbb{L}$ and $\mathbb{M}$, as well as the boundary values of these functions, which we find explicitly. Moreover, these Bellman functions exhibit an interesting behavior: the boundary solution for $\mathbb{M}$ yields the optimal obstacle condition for $\mathbb{L}$, and vice versa.
For any Calderón-Zygmund operator $ T$, any weight $ w$, and $ α>1$, the operator $ T$ is bounded as a map from $ L ^{1} (M _{ L \log\log L (\log\log\log L) ^{α} } w )$ into weak-$L^1(w)$. The interest in questions of this type goes back to the beginnings of the weighted theory, with prior results, due to Coifman-Fefferman, Pérez, and Hytönen-Pérez, on the $ L (\log L) ^{ε}$ scale. Also, for square functions $ S f$, and weights $ w \in A_p$, the norm of $ S$ from $ L ^p (w)$ to weak-$L^p (w)$, $ 2\leq p < \infty $, is bounded by $ [w] _{A_p}^{1/2} (1+\log [w] _{A_ \infty }) ^{1/2} $, which is …
It is known that the improved Cotlar's inequality $B^{*}f(z) \le C M(Bf)(z)$, $z\in\mathbb C$, holds for the Beurling transform $B$, the maximal Beurling transform $B^{*}f(z)=$ $\displaystyle\sup_{\varepsilon >0}\left|\int_{|w|>\varepsilon}f(z-w) \frac{1}{w^2} \,dw\right|$, $z\in\mathbb C$, and the Hardy--Littlewood maximal operator $M$. In this note we consider the maximal Beurling transform associated with squares, namely, $B^{*}_Sf(z)=\displaystyle\sup_{\varepsilon >0}\left|\int_{w\notin Q(0,\varepsilon)}f(z-w) \frac{1}{w^2} \,dw \right|$, $z\in\mathbb C$, $Q(0,\varepsilon)$ being the squar…
In this paper we prove $L^p$ estimates for Stein's square functions associated to Fourier-Bessel expansions. Furthermore we prove transference results for square functions from Fourier-Bessel series to Hankel transforms. Actually, these are transference results for vector-valued multipliers from discrete to continuous in the Bessel setting. As a consequence, we deduce the sharpness of the range of $p$ for the $L^p$-boundedness of Fourier-Bessel Stein's square functions from the corresponding property for Hankel-Stein square functions. Finally, we deduce $L^p$ estimates for Fourier-Bessel multi…
We characterize geometric properties of Banach spaces in terms of boundedness of square functions associated to general Schrodinger operators of the form $L=-Δ+V$, where the nonnegative potential $V$ satisfies a reverse Holder inequality. The main idea is to sharpen the well known localization method introduced by Z. Shen. Our results can be regarded as alternative proofs of the boundedness in $H^1$, $L^p$ and $BMO$ of classical $L$-square functions.
In this paper we introduce Stein's square function associated with bilinear Bochner-Riesz means and investigate its $L^p$ boundedness properties. Further, we discuss several applications of the square function in the context of bilinear multipliers. In particular, we obtain results for maximal function associated with generalised bilinear Bochner-Riesz means. This extends the results proved in~\cite{JS}. Another application concerns the $L^p$ estimates for bilinear fractional Schrödinger multipliers. Finally, we improve upon a result of Grafakos, He and Honzik~\cite{GHH} in the context of bili…
Let $X$ be a metric space with a doubling measure. Let $L$ be a nonnegative self-adjoint operator acting on $L^2(X)$, hence $L$ generates an analytic semigroup $e^{-tL}$. Assume that the kernels $p_t(x,y)$ of $e^{-tL}$ satisfy Gaussian upper bounds and Hölder's continuity in $x$ but we do not require the semigroup to satisfy the preservation condition $e^{-tL}1 = 1$. In this article we aim to establish the exponential-square integrability of a function whose square function associated to an operator $L$ is bounded, and the proof is new even for the Laplace operator on the Euclidean spaces ${\m…
In this note we give a sharp weighted estimate for square function from $L^2(w)$ to $L^2(w)$, $w\in A_2$. This has been known. But we also give a sharpening of this weighted estimate in the spirit of $T1$-type testing conditions. Finally we show that for any weight $w\in A^d_2$ and any characteristic function of a measurable set $\|S_wχ_E\|_{L^{2, \infty}(w^{-1})} \le C \sqrt{[w]_{A^d_2}}\, \|χ_E\|_w$, and this estimate is sharp. So on characteristic functions of measurable sets at least, no logarithmic correction is needed for the weak type of the dyadic square function.The sharp estimate for…
This is the first part of a series of three articles. In this paper, we obtain weighted norm inequalities for different conical square functions associated with the Heat and the Poisson semigroups generated by a second order divergence form elliptic operator with bounded complex coefficients. We find classes of Muckenhoupt weights where the square functions are comparable and/or bounded. These classes are natural from the point of view of the ranges where the unweighted estimates hold. In doing that, we obtain sharp weighted change of angle formulas which allow us to compare conical square fun…
In this paper, the object of our investigation is the following Littlewood-Paley square function $g$ associated with the Schrödinger operator $L=-Δ+V$ which is defined by: $g(f)(x)=\Big(\int_{0}^{\infty}\Big|\frac{d}{dt}e^{-tL}(f)(x)\Big|^2tdt\Big)^{1/2},$ where $Δ$ is the laplacian operator on $\mathbb{R}^n$ and $V$ is a nonnegative potential. We show that the commutators of $g$ are compact operators from $L^p(w)$ to $L^p(w)$ for $1<p<\infty$ if $b\in {\rm CMO}_θ(ρ)$ and $w\in A_p^{ρ,θ}$, where ${\rm CMO}_θ(ρ)$ is the closure of $\mathcal{C}_c^\infty(\mathbb{R}^n)$ in the ${\rm BMO}_θ(ρ)$ top…
We prove sharp $L^{12}$ estimates for exponential sums associated with nondegenerate curves in ${\mathbb R}^4$. We place Bourgain's progress on the Lindel"of hypothesis in a larger framework that contains a continuum of estimates of different flavor. We enlarge the spectrum of methods by combining decoupling with quadratic Weyl sum estimates, to address new cases of interest. All results are proved in the general framework of real analytic curves.
We consider the square function (known as Stein's square function) estimate associated with the Bochner-Riesz means. The previously known range of sharp estimate is improved. Our results are based on vector valued extensions of Bennett-Carbery-Tao's multilinear (adjoint) restriction estimate and adaption of induction argument due to Bourgain-Guth. Unlike the previous work by Bourgain-Guth on $L^p$ boundedness of Bochner-Riesz means in which oscillatory operators associated to the kernel had been studied, we take more direct approach by working on the Fourier transform side. This enables us to …
In this paper, the boundedness properties of vector-valued intrinsic square functions and their vector-valued commutators with $BMO(\mathbb R^n)$ functions are discussed. We first show the weighted strong type and weak type estimates of vector-valued intrinsic square functions in the Morrey type spaces. Then we obtain weighted strong type estimates of vector-valued analogues of commutators in Morrey type spaces. In the endpoint case, we establish the weighted weak $L\log L$-type estimates for these vector-valued commutators in the setting of weighted Lebesgue spaces. Furthermore, we prove weig…
In the present work we extend a local Tb theorem for square functions of Christ and Hofmann to the multilinear setting. We also present new BMO type interpolation result for square functions associated to multilinear operators. These square function bounds are applied to prove a multilinear local Tb theorem for singular integral operators.
This paper is devoted to the proof of boundedness of bilinear smooth square functions. Moreover, we deduce boundedness of some bilinear pseudo-differential operators associated with symbols belonging to a subclass of $BS^0_{0,0}$.
In this note we give an alternative proof of a theorem due to Bourgain \cite{Bourgain} concerning the growth of the constant in the Littlewood-Paley inequality on $\mathbb{T}$ as $p \rightarrow 1^+$. Our argument is based on the endpoint mapping properties of Marcinkiewicz multiplier operators, obtained by Tao and Wright in \cite{TW}, and on Tao's converse extrapolation theorem \cite{Tao}. Our method also establishes the growth of the constant in the Littlewood-Paley inequality on $\mathbb{T}^n$ as $p \rightarrow 1^+$. Furthermore, we obtain sharp weak-type inequalities for the Littlewood-Pale…
Let $L_{1}$ and $L_{2}$ be non-negative self-adjoint operators acting on $L^{2}(X_{1})$ and $L^{2}(X_{2})$, respectively, where $X_{1}$ and $X_{2}$ are spaces of homogeneous type. Assume that $L_{1}$ and $L_{2}$ have Gaussian heat kernel bounds. This paper aims to study some equivalent characterizations of the weighted product Hardy spaces $H^{p}_{w,L_{1},L_{2}}(X_{1}\times X_{2})$ associated to $L_{1}$ and $L_{2}$, for $p \in (0, \infty)$ and the weight $w$ belongs to the product Muckenhoupt class $A_{\infty}(X_{1} \times X_{2})$. Our main result is that the spaces $H^{p}_{w,L_{1},L_{2}}(X_{1…
By $\{T_t^a\}_{t>0}$ we denote the semigroup of operators generated by the Friedrichs extension of the Schrödinger operator with the inverse square potential $L_a=-Δ+\frac{a}{|x|^2}$ defined in the space of smooth functions with compact support in $\mathbb{R}^n\setminus\{0\}$. In this paper we establish weighted $L^p$-inequalities for the maximal, variation, oscillation and jump operators associated with $\{t^α\partial_t^αT_t^a\}_{t>0}$, where $α\geq 0$ and $\partial _t^α$ denotes the Weyl fractional derivative. The range of values $p$ that works is different when $a\geq 0$ and when $-\frac{(n…
Let $w$ be a Muckenhoupt $A_2(\mathbb{R}^n)$ weight and $L_w:=-w^{-1}\mathop\mathrm{div}(A\nabla)$ the degenerate elliptic operator on the Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^n$, $n\geq 2$. In this article, the authors establish some weighted $L^p$ estimates of Kato square roots associated to the degenerate elliptic operators $L_w$. More precisely, the authors prove that, for $w\in A_{p}(\mathbb{R}^n)$, $p\in(\frac{2n}{n+1},\,2]$ and any $f\in C^\infty_c(\mathbb{R}^n)$, $\|L_w^{1/2}(f)\|_{L^p(w,\,\mathbb{R}^n)}\sim \|\nabla f\|_{L^p(w,\,\mathbb{R}^n)}$, where $C_c^\infty(\mathbb{R}^n)$ denotes the set…
In this paper we provide an extension of a theorem of David and Semmes ('91) to general non-atomic measures. The result provides a geometric characterization of the non-atomic measures for which a certain class of square function operators, or singular integral operators, are bounded in $L^2(μ)$. The description is given in terms of a modification of Jones' $β$-coefficients.
We prove sharp weak type weighted estimates for a class of sparse operators that includes majorants of standard $α$-fractional singular integrals, fractional integral operators, Marcinkiewicz integral operators, and square functions. These bounds are knows to be sharp in many cases, and our main new result is the optimal bound $$[w]_{A_{p,q}}^{\frac{1}{q}}[w^{q}]_{A_{\infty}}^{\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{p}}\lesssim[w]_{A_{p,q}}^{\frac{1}{2}-\fracα{d}}$$ for proper conditions which satisfy that three index $p$, $q$ and $α$ ensure weak type norm of fractional square functions on $L^{q}(w^{q})$ with $p…
Following the ideas of A. Lerner, F. Nazarov, S. Ombrosi from [12] we prove that there is a sequence of weights $w\in A^d_1$ such that $[w]^d_{A_1}\to \infty$, and martingale transforms $T$ such that with an absolute positive $c$ $\|T: L^1(w) \to L^{1, \infty}(w)\| \ge c [w]^d_{A_1}\log [w]^d_{A_1}$. We also show the existence of the sequence of weights (now in $A_2$) such that $[w]^d_{A_2}\to \infty$, and such that the following holds: $[w]_{A_2^d}\asymp \|M^d\|_{w^{-1}}^2$; $\|S_{w}: L^{2} (w) \to L^2(w^{-1})\| \ge c\, \|M^d\|_{w^{-1}}\sqrt{\log \|M^d\|_{w^{-1}}}$; $\|S_{w}: L^{2,1} (w) \to …
We consider the weighted Sobolev spaces associated with non-isotropic dilations of Calderón-Torchinsky and characterize the spaces by the square functions of Marcinkiewicz type including those defined with repeated uses of averaging operation.
Following a recent paper by X. Tolsa [JFA, 2008] we show that the finiteness of square function associated with the Riesz transforms with respect to Hausdorff measure $H^n$ ($n$ is interger) on a set $E$ implies that $E$ is rectifiable.
