It has been proved by Zuazua in the nineties that the internally controlled semilinear 1D wave equation $\partial_{tt}y-\partial_{xx}y + g(y)=f 1_ω$, with Dirichlet boundary conditions, is exactly controllable in $H^1_0(0,1)\cap L^2(0,1)$ with controls $f\in L^2((0,1)\times(0,T))$, for any $T>0$ and any nonempty open subset $ω$ of $(0,1)$, assuming that $g\in \mathcal{C}^1(\R)$ does not grow faster than $β\vert x\vert \ln^{2}\vert x\vert$ at infinity for some $β>0$ small enough. The proof, based on the Leray-Schauder fixed point theorem, is however not constructive. In this article, we design a constructive proof and algorithm for the exact controllability of semilinear 1D wave equations. Assuming that $g^\prime$ does not grow faster than $β\ln^{2}\vert x\vert$ at infinity for some $β>0$ small enough and that $g^\prime$ is uniformly Hölder continuous on $\R$ with exponent $s\in[0,1]$, we design a least-squares algorithm yielding an explicit sequence converging to a controlled solution for the semilinear equation, at least with order $1+s$ after a finite number of iterations.
The exact distributed controllability of the semilinear wave equation $\partial_{tt}y-Δy + g(y)=f \,1_ω$ posed over multi-dimensional and bounded domains, assuming that $g\in C^1(\mathbb{R})$ satisfies the growth condition $\limsup_{r\to \infty} g(r)/(\vert r\vert \ln^{1/2}\vert r\vert)=0$ has been obtained by Fu, Yong and Zhang in 2007. The proof based on a non constructive Leray-Schauder fixed point theorem makes use of precise estimates of the observability constant for a linearized wave equation. Assuming that $g^\prime$ does not grow faster than $β\ln^{1/2}\vert r\vert$ at infinity for $β…
We investigate the monotonicity method for fractional semilinear elliptic equations with power type nonlinearities. We prove that if-and-only-if monotonicity relations between coefficients and the derivative of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map hold. Based on the strong monotonicity relations, we study a constructive global uniqueness for coefficients and inclusion detection for the fractional Calderón type inverse problem. Meanwhile, we can also derive the Lipschitz stability with finitely many measurements. The results hold for any $n\geq 1$.
In this paper, we study the semilinear wave equations with the inverse-square potential. By transferring the original equation to a "fractional dimensional" wave equation and analyzing the properties of its fundamental solution, we establish a long-time existence result, for sufficiently small, spherically symmetric initial data. Together with the previously known blow-up result, we determine the critical exponent which divides the global existence and finite time blow-up. Moreover, the sharp lower bounds of the lifespan are obtained, except for certain borderline case. In addition, our techno…
In this paper we study nonexistence of non-negative distributional supersolutions for a class of semilinear elliptic equations involving inverse-square potentials.
We show that the scattering operator for defocusing energy critical semilinear wave equations \square u+f(u)=0, with f C-infinity and f ~ u^5, in three space dimensions, determines f.
We consider the wave equation $\varepsilon^2(-\partial_t^2 + Δ)u + f(u) = 0$ for $0<\varepsilon\ll 1$, where $f$ is the derivative of a balanced, double-well potential, the model case being $f(u) = u-u^3$. For equations of this form, we construct solutions that exhibit an interface of thickness $O(\varepsilon )$ that separates regions where the solution is $O(\varepsilon^k)$ close to $\pm 1$, and that is close to a timelike hypersurface of vanishing {\em Minkowskian} mean curvature. This provides a Minkowskian analog of the numerous results that connect the Euclidean Allen-Cahn equation and mi…
We consider inverse problems in space-time $(M, g)$, a $4$-dimensional Lorentzian manifold. For semilinear wave equations $\square_g u + H(x, u) = f$, where $\square_g$ denotes the usual Laplace-Beltrami operator, we prove that the source-to-solution map $L: f \rightarrow u|_V$, where $V$ is a neighborhood of a time-like geodesic $μ$, determines the topological, differentiable structure and the conformal class of the metric of the space-time in the maximal set where waves can propagate from $μ$ and return back. Moreover, on a given space-time $(M, g)$, the source-to-solution map determines som…
We prove certain weighted Strichartz estimates and use these to prove a sharp theorem for global existence of small amplitude solutions of $\square u= |u|^p$, thus verifying the so-called "Strauss conjecture".
Firstly, we study the equation $\square u = |u|^{q_c}+ |\partial u|^p$ with small data, where $q_c$ is the critical power of Strauss conjecture and $p\geq q_c.$ We obtain the optimal lifespan $\ln({T_\varepsilon})\approx\varepsilon^{-q_c(q_c-1)}$ in $n=3$, and improve the lower-bound of $T_\varepsilon$ from $\exp({c\varepsilon^{-(q_c-1)}})$ to $\exp({c\varepsilon^{-(q_c-1)^2/2}})$ in $n=2$. Then, we study the Cauchy problem with small initial data for a system of semilinear wave equations $\square u = |v|^q,$ $ \square v = |\partial_t u|^p$ in 3-dimensional space with $q<2$. We obtain that thi…
We prove existence of weak solutions (in the probabilistic sense) for a general class of stochastic semilinear wave equations on bounded domains of $R^d$ driven by a possibly discontinuous square integrable martingale.
In this paper we study the asymptotic behavior of solutions to an elliptic equation near the singularity of an inverse square potential with a coefficient related to the best constant for the Hardy inequality. Due to the presence of a borderline Hardy potential, a proper variational setting has to be introduced in order to provide a weak formulation of the equation. An Almgren-type monotonicity formula is used to determine the exact asymptotic behavior of solutions.
Solvability of Semilinear Elliptic Equations on Infinite Graphs
Fudan University（复旦大学）；Shanghai Center for Mathematical Sciences, Fudan University（复旦大学上海数学中心）；Yau Mathematical Sciences Center（清华大学丘成桐数学科学中心；数学科学系）；Department of Mathematical Sciences, Tsinghua University
We prove that the mild solution to a semilinear stochastic evolution equation on a Hilbert space, driven by either a square integrable martingale or a Poisson random measure, is (jointly) continuous, in a suitable topology, with respect to the initial datum and all coefficients. In particular, if the leading linear operators are maximal (quasi-)monotone and converge in the strong resolvent sense, the drift and diffusion coefficients are uniformly Lipschitz continuous and converge pointwise, and the initial data converge, then the solutions converge.
We study the local propagation of conormal singularities for solutions of semilinear wave equations $\square u = P(y, u)$, where $P(y, u)$ is a polynomial of degree $N \geq 3$ in $u$ with $C^\infty(\mathbb{R}^3_y)$ coefficients. We know from the work of Melrose & Ritter and Bony that if u is conormal to three waves which intersect transversally at point $q$, then after the triple interaction $u(y)$ is a conormal distribution with respect to the three waves and the characteristic cone $Q$ with vertex at $q$. We compute the principal symbol of $u$ at the cone and away from the hypersurfaces. We …
We study the stochastic homogenization and obtain a random fluctuation theory for semilinear elliptic equations with a rapidly varying random potential. To first order, the effective potential is the average potential and the nonlinearity is not affected by the randomness. We then study the limiting distribution of the properly scaled homogenization error (random fluctuations) in the space of square integrable functions, and prove that the limit is a Gaussian distribution characterized by the homogenized solution, the Green's function of the linearized equation around the homogenized solution,…
Asymptotic behavior of solutions to heat equations with spatially singular inverse-square potentials is studied. By combining a parabolic Almgren type monotonicity formula with blow-up methods, we evaluate the exact behavior near the singularity of solutions to linear and subcritical semilinear parabolic equations with Hardy type potentials. As a remarkable byproduct, a unique continuation property is obtained.
The exact distributed controllability of the semilinear wave equation $y_{tt}-y_{xx} + g(y)=f \,1_ω$, assuming that $g$ satisfies the growth condition $\vert g(s)\vert /(\vert s\vert \log^{2}(\vert s\vert))\rightarrow 0$ as $\vert s\vert \rightarrow \infty$ and that $g^\prime\in L^\infty_{loc}(\mathbb{R})$ has been obtained by Zuazua in the nineties. The proof based on a Leray-Schauder fixed point argument makes use of precise estimates of the observability constant for a linearized wave equation. It does not provide however an explicit construction of a null control. Assuming that $g^\prime\i…
We are interested in almost global existence cases in the general theory for nonlinear wave equations, which are caused by critical exponents of nonlinear terms. Such situations can be found in only three cases in the theory, cubic terms in two space dimensions, quadratic terms in three space dimesions and quadratic terms including a square of unknown functions itself in four space dimensions. Except for the last case, criterions to classify nonlinear terms into the almost global, or global existence case, are well-studied and known to be so-called null condition and non-positive condition. Ou…
Let $Ω\subset \mathbb{R}^N$ ($N>2$) be a $C^2$ bounded domain and $Σ\subset Ω$ be a compact, $C^2$ submanifold without boundary, of dimension $k$ with $0\leq k < N-2$. Put $L_μ= Δ+ μd_Σ^{-2}$ in $Ω\setminus Σ$, where $d_Σ(x) = \mathrm{dist}(x,Σ)$ and $μ$ is a parameter. We study the boundary value problem (P) $-L_μu = g(u) + τ$ in $Ω\setminus Σ$ with condition $u=ν$ on $\partial Ω\cup Σ$, where $g: \mathbb{R} \to \mathbb{R}$ is a nondecreasing, continuous function and $τ$ and $ν$ are positive measures. The interplay between the inverse-square potential $d_Σ^{-2}$, the nature of the source term…
We are interested in the "almost" global-in-time existence of classical solutions in the general theory for nonlinear wave equations. All the three such cases are known to be sharp due to blow-up results in the critical case for model equations. However, it is known that we have a possibility to get the global-in-time existence for two of them in low space dimensions if the nonlinear term is of derivatives of the unknown function and satisfies so-called null condition, or non-positive condition. But another one for the quadratic term in four space dimensions is out of the case as the nonlinear…
We study the Cauchy problem with small initial data for a system of semilinear wave equations $\square u = |v|^p$, $\square v = |\partial_t u|^p$ in $n$-dimensional space. When $n \geq 2$, we prove that blow-up can occur for arbitrarily small data if $(p, q)$ lies below a curve in $p$-$q$ plane. On the other hand, we show a global existence result for $n=3$ which asserts that a portion of the curve is in fact the borderline between global-in-time existence and finite time blow-up. We also estimate the maximal existence time and get an upper bound, which is sharp at least for $(n, p, q)=(2, 2, …
We consider the recovery of a potential associated with a semi-linear wave equation on $\mathbb{R}^{n+1}$, $n\geq 1$. We show a Hölder stability estimate for the recovery of an unknown potential $a$ of the wave equation $\square u +a u^m=0$ from its Dirichlet-to-Neumann map. We show that an unknown potential $a(x,t)$, supported in $Ω\times[t_1,t_2]$, of the wave equation $\square u +a u^m=0$ can be recovered in a Hölder stable way from the map $u|_{\partial Ω\times [0,T]}\mapsto \langleψ,\partial_νu|_{\partial Ω\times [0,T]}\rangle_{L^2(\partial Ω\times [0,T])}$. This data is equivalent to the…
