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arXiv 2011.02536astro-ph.EPastro-ph.SR
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前恒星演化对行星形成盘中雪面位置和C/O的影响

The impact of pre-main sequence stellar evolution on midplane snowline locations and C/O in planet forming discs

James M. Miley, Olja Panić, Richard A. Booth, John D. Ilee, Shigeru Ida, Masanobu Kunitomo

摘要:

我们研究了主序星前光度演化对星盘中面热力学和化学性质的影响。我们创建模板盘模型,举例说明了各种恒星质量和年龄的巨型行星形成的初始条件。这些模型包括气体的2D物理结构以及圆盘中平面的1D化学结构。光盘温度分布计算使用完全物理一致的辐射转移模型之间的0.5和3 Msun和年龄高达10万年的恒星。由此产生的温度曲线用于确定中平面中的化学条件如何随时间变化。因此,我们得到的主要碳和氧载体物种的气体和冰相丰度。虽然不同质量的恒星在早期阶段(<100万年)产生的温度分布没有明显差异,但超过200万年后它们开始明显发散。随着时间的推移,质量大于1.5 Msun的恒星周围的圆盘会随着恒星光度的增加而变得更温暖,而低质量恒星的光度会降低,导致圆盘温度降低。这对CO雪线的位置有明显的影响,在大多数模型中,3 Msun星的CO雪线位于200 au以上,但0.5 Msun星的CO雪线总是在80 au以内。计算的化学成分表明,存在一个明确的恒星质量和年龄范围,其中高C/O气体巨星可以形成。在系外行星HR 8799 b的情况下,我们的模型显示它必须在恒星100万年前形成。

英文摘要:

We investigate the impact of pre-main sequence stellar luminosity evolution on the thermal and chemical properties of disc midplanes. We create template disc models exemplifying initial conditions for giant planet formation for a variety of stellar masses and ages. These models include the 2D physical structure of gas as well as 1D chemical structure in the disc midplane. The disc temperature profiles are calculated using fully physically consistent radiative transfer models for stars between 0.5 and 3 Msun and ages up to 10 Myr. The resulting temperature profiles are used to determine how the chemical conditions in the mid-plane change over time. We therefore obtain gas and ice-phase abundances of the main carbon and oxygen carrier species. While the temperature profiles produced are not markedly different for the stars of different masses at early stages (<1 Myr), they start to diverge significantly beyond 2 Myr. Discs around stars with mass >1.5 Msun become warmer over time as the stellar luminosity increases, whereas low-mass stars decrease in luminosity leading to cooler discs. This has an observable effect on the location of the CO snowline, which is located >200 au in most models for a 3 Msun star, but is always within 80 au for 0.5 Msun star. The chemical compositions calculated show that a well defined stellar mass and age range exists in which high C/O gas giants can form. In the case of the exoplanet HR8799b, our models show it must have formed before the star was 1 Myr old.

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