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arXiv 1402.4133astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EP
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原行星盘中的死亡学:欧姆、霍尔和双极扩散对死区的综合影响

Thanatology in Protoplanetary Discs: the combined influence of Ohmic, Hall, and ambipolar diffusion on dead zones

Geoffroy Lesur, Matthew W. Kunz, Sebastien Fromang

摘要:

原行星盘由于其低温和高柱密度而难以电离,因此受到三种“非理想”磁流体动力学效应的影响:欧姆耗散、双极扩散和霍尔效应。自磁旋转不稳定性被发现以来,磁驱动湍流的存在一直是一个中心问题。早期的模型只考虑欧姆扩散,并导致分层吸积的情况下,在磁盘中平面的磁“死”区是嵌入在磁“活跃”的表面层在距离中央原恒星物体约1-10 au。最近的工作表明,欧姆耗散和双极扩散的组合可以使两个中平面和表面层的光盘不活跃,扭矩由于磁驱动的外流需要解释所观察到的吸积率。我们重新评估这张照片进行三维数值模拟,包括,第一次,所有三个非理想的MHD效应。我们发现,霍尔效应一般可以“复活”死区,通过产生一个占主导地位的方位角磁场和大规模的麦克斯韦应力整个中平面,提供的角速度和磁场满足Ω.B > 0。随之而来的大磁压力改变了垂直密度分布,并大大增加了磁盘刻度高度超过其流体静力学值。流出是产生的,但不是解释吸积速率<10^{-7} Msun/yr所必需的。圆盘中平面内的流动基本上是层流,这表明灰尘沉降可能是有效的。这些结果表明,如果MRI是相关的驱动质量吸积在原行星盘,必须包括霍尔效应,以获得甚至定性正确的结果。

英文摘要:

Protoplanetary discs are poorly ionised due to their low temperatures and high column densities, and are therefore subject to three "non-ideal" magnetohydrodynamic effects: Ohmic dissipation, ambipolar diffusion, and the Hall effect. The existence of magnetically driven turbulence in these discs has been a central question since the discovery of the magnetorotational instability. Early models considered Ohmic diffusion only and led to a scenario of layered accretion, in which a magnetically "dead" zone in the disc midplane is embedded within magnetically "active" surface layers at distances ~1-10 au from the central protostellar object. Recent work has suggested that a combination of Ohmic dissipation and ambipolar diffusion can render both the midplane and surface layers of the disc inactive and that torques due to magnetically driven outflows are required to explain the observed accretion rates. We reassess this picture by performing three-dimensional numerical simulations that include, for the first time, all three non-ideal MHD effects. We find that the Hall effect can generically "revive" dead zones by producing a dominant azimuthal magnetic field and a large-scale Maxwell stress throughout the midplane, provided the angular velocity and magnetic field satisfy Omega.B > 0. The attendant large magnetic pressure modifies the vertical density profile and substantially increases the disc scale height beyond its hydrostatic value. Outflows are produced, but are not necessary to explain accretion rates <10^{-7} Msun/yr. The flow in the disc midplane is essentially laminar, suggesting that dust sedimentation may be efficient. These results demonstrate that, if the MRI is relevant for driving mass accretion in protoplanetary discs, one must include the Hall effect to obtain even qualitatively correct results.

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