AI 中文总结
本研究通过GIZMO与STARFORGE框架的数值模拟，对比理想/非理想MHD及喷流反馈对星团形成中盘演化的影响，发现磁制动无法抑制盘形成，喷流反馈会增加碎裂并降低恒星质量。
AI 中文摘要
尽管近期的巡天已观测到数百个邻近的原恒星盘，但假设采用理想磁流体动力学（MHD）的数值模拟由于磁力矩会高效移除角动量，长期以来在实现盘形成方面存在困难。非理想MHD效应与分子云典型的低电离分数相关，已被证明可降低磁制动的有效性并促进盘的形成。本研究呈现了一组计算的结果，该计算追踪了50倍太阳质量（$M_{\rm \u2299}$）湍流分子云核的引力坍缩过程，直至恒星系统与原恒星盘的形成及演化。我们使用包含非理想MHD（欧姆电阻率、 ambipolar扩散、霍尔效应）的辐射-MHD代码GIZMO，以及用于恒星形成与恒星反馈建模的STARFORGE数值框架。我们对比了假设理想MHD与非理想MHD，以及包含亚网格原恒星喷流反馈对盘形成与演化的影响。在我们的所有模型中均形成了盘，但在理想MHD与亚网格喷流反馈的模型中，盘的质量最小。除理想MHD+喷流模型外，我们未观测到理想与非理想MHD模型之间盘属性的任何显著差异；然而，理想MHD形成的盘嵌入在更小的旋转包层中。盘的大小总体上与观测到的盘一致。喷流反馈会增加云核碎裂并降低最终恒星质量。我们的结果表明，在形成多恒星系统的动力学条件下，无论假设采用理想还是非理想MHD，磁制动均无法有效抑制盘的形成。
英文摘要
While recent surveys have resolved hundreds of nearby protostellar discs, numerical simulations assuming ideal magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) have historically struggled to achieve disc formation due to efficient angular momentum removal by magnetic torques. Non-ideal MHD effects, relevant at the low ionization fractions typical of molecular clouds, have been shown to reduce the effectiveness of magnetic braking and promote disc formation. In this work, we present the results from a suite of calculations following the gravitational collapse of 50 $M_{\odot}$ turbulent molecular cloud cores down to the formation and evolution of stellar systems and protostellar discs. We use the radiation-MHD code GIZMO including non-ideal MHD (Ohmic resistivity, ambipolar diffusion, and the Hall effect) and the STARFORGE numerical framework for modeling star formation and stellar feedback. We compare the effects of assuming ideal vs. non-ideal MHD and including sub-grid protostellar jet feedback on disc formation and evolution. Discs form in all of our models but are least massive in the model with ideal MHD and sub-grid jet feedback. Apart from the ideal MHD$+$jets model, we do not observe any significant differences in disc properties between the ideal and non-ideal MHD models; however, ideal MHD discs are embedded in smaller rotating envelopes. Disc sizes are in general agreement with those of observed discs. Jet feedback increases core fragmentation and reduces final stellar masses. Our results suggest that magnetic braking does not efficiently suppress disc formation, regardless of whether ideal or non-ideal MHD is assumed, under the dynamical conditions in which multiple stellar systems form.
Comments35 pages, 39 figures. Accepted for publication in MNRAS. Published version available at https://doi.org/10.1093/mnras/stag1501
Journal refMNRAS 551, stag1501 (2026)
