我们利用局部数值模拟研究了一个垂直分层的吸积盘与电阻的中间平面,阻尼磁流体动力学(MHD)湍流。这是一个理想化的模型,适用于在原行星和矮新星盘的某些半径上可能存在的死区。我们改变死区和活动区的相对厚度,以量化死区中受迫流体运动的变化。我们发现,中平面附近的残余雷诺应力随着死区厚度的增加而减小,在有效质量与死质量之比小于百分之几的情况下变得可以忽略不计。这意味着纯粹的欧姆死区很容易受到Martin & Lubow(2011)机制的幕式吸积爆发的影响。我们发现,即使厚死区支持大量的动能,但这种能量主要是在流体运动,是低效的角动量传输。根据Oishi & Mac Low(2009年)的计算结果,死区中的扰动速度场主要由振荡的垂直延伸环流模式控制,与轨道频率相比频率较低。这种扰动具有预测的最低阶r模式在流体动力盘的属性。我们认为,在一个全球磁盘类似的激发将导致传播波,其属性将随死区的厚度和扰动的性质(等温或绝热)。具有类似幅度的流动会使沉降的颗粒层弯曲,并可能降低卵石吸积的效率。
英文摘要:
We use local numerical simulations to study a vertically stratified accretion disk with a resistive mid-plane that damps magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) turbulence. This is an idealized model for the dead zones that may be present at some radii in protoplanetary and dwarf novae disks. We vary the relative thickness of the dead and active zones to quantify how forced fluid motions in the dead zone change. We find that the residual Reynolds stress near the mid-plane decreases with increasing dead zone thickness, becoming negligible in cases where the active to dead mass ratio is less than a few percent. This implies that purely Ohmic dead zones would be vulnerable to episodic accretion outbursts via the mechanism of Martin & Lubow (2011). We show that even thick dead zones support a large amount of kinetic energy, but this energy is largely in fluid motions that are inefficient at angular momentum transport. Confirming results from Oishi & Mac Low (2009), the perturbed velocity field in the dead zone is dominated by an oscillatory, vertically extended circulation pattern with a low frequency compared to the orbital frequency. This disturbance has the properties predicted for the lowest order r mode in a hydrodynamic disk. We suggest that in a global disk similar excitations would lead to propagating waves, whose properties would vary with the thickness of the dead zone and the nature of the perturbations (isothermal or adiabatic). Flows with similar amplitudes would buckle settled particle layers and could reduce the efficiency of pebble accretion.
The dynamical evolution of protoplanetary disks is of key interest for building a comprehensive theory of planet formation and to explain the observational properties of these objects. Using the magnetohydrodynamics code Athena++, with an isothermal shearing box setup, we study the boundary between the active and dead zone, where the accretion rate changes and mass can accumulate. We quantify how the turbulence level is affected by the presence of a non uniform ohmic resistivity in the radial-x direction that leads to a region of inhibited turbulence (or dead zone). Comparing the turbulent act…
Planet formation at the inner edge of the dead zone I. the interplay between accretion outbursts and dust growth
Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München(慕尼黑大学);Max Planck Institute for Astronomy(马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所);Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Institute(平顿研究所计算天体物理中心)
Observations of young stars hosting transition disks show that several of them have high accretion rates, despite their disks presenting extended cavities in their dust component. This represents a challenge for theoretical models, which struggle to reproduce both features. We explore if a disk evolution model, including a dead zone and disk dispersal by X-ray photoevaporation, can explain the high accretion rates and large gaps (or cavities) measured in transition disks. We implement a dead zone turbulence profile and a photoevaporative mass loss profile into numerical simulations of gas and …
Excitation of Rossby wave instability and development of a large-scale vortex at the outer dead zone edge of protoplanetary discs is one of the leading theories that explains horseshoe-like brightness distribution in transition discs. Formation of such vortices requires a relatively sharp viscosity transition. Detailed modelling, however, indicates that viscosity transitions at the outer edge of the dead zone is relatively smooth. In this study, we present 2D global, non-isothermal, gas-dust coupled hydrodynamic simulations to investigate the possibility of vortex excitation at smooth viscosit…
Aims and Methods. Accretion bursts triggered by the magnetorotational instability (MRI) in the innermost disk regions were studied for protoplanetary gas-dust disks formed from prestellar cores of various mass $M_{\rm core}$ and mass-to-magnetic flux ratio $λ$. Numerical magnetohydrodynamics simulations in the thin-disk limit were employed to study the long-term ($\sim 1.0$~Myr) evolution of protoplanetary disks with an adaptive turbulent $α$-parameter, which depends explicitly on the strength of the magnetic field and ionization fraction in the disk. The numerical models also feature the co-e…
[abridged] We present a 1+1D global magnetically-driven disk accretion model that captures the essence of the MRI-driven accretion, without resorting to 3D global non-ideal MHD simulations. The gas dynamics is assumed to be solely controlled by the MRI and hydrodynamic instabilities. For given stellar and disk parameters, the Shakura-Sunyaev viscosity parameter $α$ is determined self-consistently under the framework of viscously-driven accretion from detailed considerations of the MRI with non-ideal MHD effects (Ohmic resistivity and ambipolar diffusion), accounting for disk heating by stellar…
The baroclinic instability in the context of layered accretion. Self-sustained vortices and their magnetic stability in local compressible unstratified models of protoplanetary disks