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arXiv 2011.01849nlin.PSnlin.CDphysics.app-ph
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玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中物质波孤子的时空工程

Spatiotemporal engineering of matter-wave solitons in Bose-Einstein condensates

Emmanuel Kengne, Wu-Ming Liu, Boris A. Malomed

摘要:

自玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体(BEC)在光学势中实现以来,人们对BEC物质波的物质波孤子、相干结构、调制不稳定性和非线性激发进行了深入的实验和理论研究,使其成为非线性物理和软凝聚态物理的重要研究对象。非线性薛定谔(NLS)方程(又称Gross-Pitaevskii(GP)方程)提供了描述各种非线性介质的普适模型。在许多情况下,非平凡的孤子和相干结构,不存在或不稳定的自由空间,可以创建或稳定的各种管理技术,这是表示为NLS和GP方程的时空系数在前面的线性或非线性项。发展这一方向的研究在各种设置,有效的计划时空调制系数的NLS/GP方程已被设计成工程师所需的强大的非线性模式。这一方向和相关方向是本次审查的主要议题。一个广泛而重要的主题是通过结合时间或空间调制的非线性强度和随时间变化的捕获势的BEC中的一维孤子的创建和控制。这一主题的一个重要分支是连续波状态的MI的解析和数值分析,以及MI的非线性发展的控制。除此之外,该综述还包括一些不直接包括时空调制,但解决物理上的重要现象,表现出类似的孤子动力学的主题。它们是:二元BEC中的孤子运动,旋量BEC中的三分量孤子,以及自旋-轨道耦合作用下的二分量孤子动力学。

英文摘要:

Since the realization of Bose-Einstein condensates (BECs) in optical potentials, intensive experimental and theoretical investigations have been carried out for matter-wave solitons, coherent structures, modulational instability (MI), and nonlinear excitation of BEC matter waves, making them objects of fundamental interest in the vast realm of nonlinear physics and soft condensed-matter physics. Ubiquitous models, which are relevant to the description of diverse nonlinear media are provided by the nonlinear Schrodinger (NLS), alias Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equations. In many settings, nontrivial solitons and coherent structures, which do not exist or are unstable in free space, can be created or stabilized by means of various management techniques, which are represented by NLS and GP equations with spatiotemporal coefficients in front of linear or nonlinear terms. Developing this direction of research in various settings, efficient schemes of the spatiotemporal modulation of coefficients in the NLS/GP equations have been designed to engineer desirable robust nonlinear modes. This direction and related ones are the main topic of the present review. A broad and important theme is the creation and control of 1D solitons in BEC by means of combination of the temporal or spatial modulation of the nonlinearity strength and a time-varying trapping potential. An essential ramification of this topic is analytical and numerical analysis of MI of continuous-wave states, and control of the nonlinear development of MI. In addition to that, the review also includes some topics that do not directly include spatiotemporal modulation but address physically important phenomena which demonstrate similar soliton dynamics. These are soliton motion in binary BEC, three-component solitons in spinor BEC, and dynamics of two-component solitons under the action of spin-orbit coupling.

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