Ó. Blasco and S. Pott showed that the supremum of operator norms over $L^2$ of all bicommutators (with the same symbol) of one-parameter Haar multipliers dominates the biparameter dyadic product BMO norm of the symbol itself. In the present work we extend this result to the Bloom setting, and to any exponent $1<p<\infty$. The main tool is a new characterization in terms of paraproducts and two-weight John--Nirenberg inequalities for dyadic product BMO in the Bloom setting. We also extend our results to the whole scale of indexed spaces between little bmo and product BMO in the general multiparameter setting, with the appropriate iterated commutator in each case.
We address $L^p(μ)\rightarrow L^p(λ)$ bounds for paraproducts in the Bloom setting. We introduce certain "sparse BMO" functions associated with sparse collections with no infinitely increasing chains, and use these to express sparse operators as sums of paraproducts and martingale transforms -- essentially, as Haar multipliers -- as well as to obtain an equivalence of norms between sparse operators $\mathcal{A}_\mathcal{S}$ and compositions of paraproducts $Π^*_aΠ_b$.
Let T be the unite circle on $R^2$. Denote by BMO(T) the classical BMO space and denote by BMO_D(T) the usual dyadic BMO space on T. We prove that, BMO(T) is the intersction of BMO_D(T) and a translate of BMO_D(T).
We characterize dyadic little BMO via the boundedness of the tensor commutator with a single well chosen dyadic shift. It is shown that several proof strategies work for this problem, both in the unweighted case as well as with Bloom weights. Moreover, we address the flexibility of one of our methods.
For a bounded singular integral $T_n$ in $\mathbb{R}^n$ and a bounded singular integral $T_m$ in $\mathbb{R}^m$ we prove that $$ \| [T_n^1, [b, T_m^2]] \|_{L^p(μ) \to L^p(λ)} \lesssim_{[μ]_{A_p}, [λ]_{A_p}} \|b\|_{\operatorname{BMO}_{\textrm{prod}}(ν)}, $$ where $p \in (1,\infty)$, $μ, λ\in A_p$ and $ν:= μ^{1/p}λ^{-1/p}$. Here $T_n^1$ is $T_n$ acting on the first variable, $T_m^2$ is $T_m$ acting on the second variable, $A_p$ stands for the bi-parameter weights of $\mathbb{R}^n \times \mathbb{R}^m$ and $\operatorname{BMO}_{\textrm{prod}}(ν)$ is a weighted product BMO space.
This article is devoted to a study of the Hardy space $H^{\log} (\mathbb{R}^d)$ introduced by Bonami, Grellier, and Ky. We present an alternative approach to their result relating the product of a function in the real Hardy space $H^1$ and a function in $BMO$ to distributions that belong to $H^{\log}$ based on dyadic paraproducts. We also point out analogues of classical results of Hardy-Littlewood, Zygmund, and Stein for $H^{\log}$ and related Musielak-Orlicz spaces.
We introduce the space of dyadic bounded mean oscillation functions $f$ defined on $[0,1]^n$ and study the behavior of the nonincreasing rearrangement of $f$, as an element of the space $BMO((0,1])$. We also study the analogous class of functions that satisfy the dyadic Gurov-Reshetnyak condition and look upon their integrability properties.
The usual one third trick allows to reduce problems involving general cubes to a countable family. Moreover, this covering lemma uses only dyadic cubes, which allows to use nice martingale properties in harmonic analysis problems. We consider alternatives to this technique in spaces equipped with nonhomogeneous measures. This entails additional difficulties which forces us to consider martingale filtrations that are not regular. The dyadic covering that we find can be used to clarify the relationship between martingale BMO spaces and the most natural BMO space in this setting, which is the spa…
A Bellman function approach to Fefferman's $H^1-BMO$ duality theorem is presented. One Bellman-type argument is used to handle two different one-dimensional cases, dyadic and continuous. An explicit estimate for the constant of embedding $BMO\subset (H^1)^*$ is given in the dyadic case. The same Bellman function is then used to establish a multi-dimensional analog.
Let $\bfT$ is a certain tensor product of simple dyadic shifts defined below. We prove here that for dyadic bi-parameter commutator the following equivalence holds $ \|\bfT b-b \bfT \| \asymp \|b\|_{bmo^d}$. This result is well-known for many types of bi-parameter commutators, see \cite{FS}, \cite{DLWY} and \cite{DPSK} for more details.
We develop technical tools that enable the use of Bellman functions for BMO defined on $α$-trees, which are structures that generalize dyadic lattices. As applications, we prove the integral John--Nirenberg inequality and an inequality relating $L^1$- and $L^2$-oscillations for BMO on $α$-trees, with explicit constants. When the tree in question is the collection of all dyadic cubes in $\mathbb{R}^n,$ the inequalities proved are sharp. We also reformulate the John--Nirenberg inequality for the continuous BMO in terms of special martingales generated by BMO functions. The tools presented can be…
Utilising some recent ideas from our bilinear bi-parameter theory, we give an efficient proof of a two-weight Bloom type inequality for iterated commutators of linear bi-parameter singular integrals. We prove that if $T$ is a bi-parameter singular integral satisfying the assumptions of the bi-parameter representation theorem, then $$ \| [b_k,\cdots[b_2, [b_1, T]]\cdots]\|_{L^p(μ) \to L^p(λ)} \lesssim_{[μ]_{A_p}, [λ]_{A_p}} \prod_{i=1}^k\|b_i\|_{\operatorname{bmo}(ν^{θ_i})} , $$ where $p \in (1,\infty)$, $θ_i \in [0,1]$, $\sum_{i=1}^kθ_i=1$, $μ, λ\in A_p$, $ν:= μ^{1/p}λ^{-1/p}$. Here $A_p$ stan…
We obtain the explicit upper Bellman function for the natural dyadic maximal operator acting from ${\rm BMO}(\mathbb{R}^n)$ into ${\rm BLO}(\mathbb{R}^n).$ As a consequence, we show that the ${\rm BMO}\to{\rm BLO}$ norm of the natural operator equals 1 for all $n,$ and so does the norm of the classical dyadic maximal operator. The main result is a partial corollary of a theorem for the so-called $α$-trees, which generalize dyadic lattices. The Bellman function in this setting exhibits an interesting quasi-periodic structure depending on $α,$ but also allows a majorant independent of $α,$ hence…
In this article, we investigate the boundedness properties of the multilinear dyadic paraproduct operators in the weighted setting. We also obtain weighted estimates for the multilinear Haar multipliers and their commutators with dyadic BMO functions.
We characterize the boundedness of the commutators $[b, T]$ with biparameter Journé operators $T$ in the two-weight, Bloom-type setting, and express the norms of these commutators in terms of a weighted little $bmo$ norm of the symbol $b$. Specifically, if $μ$ and $λ$ are biparameter $A_p$ weights, $ν:= μ^{1/p}λ^{-1/p}$ is the Bloom weight, and $b$ is in $bmo(ν)$, then we prove a lower bound and testing condition $\|b\|_{bmo(ν)} \lesssim \sup \| [b, R_k^1 R_l^2]: L^p(μ) \rightarrow L^p(λ)\|$, where $R_k^1$ and $R_l^2$ are Riesz transforms acting in each variable. Further, we prove that for suc…
We describe the spaces $H^1(R)$ and BMO$(R)$ in terms of their closely related, simpler dyadic and two-sided counterparts. As a result of these characterizations we establish when a bounded linear operator defined on dyadic or two-sided $H^1(R)$ into a Banach space has a continuous extension to $H^1(R)$ and when a bounded linear operator that maps a Banach space into dyadic or two-sided BMO$(R)$ actually maps continuously into BMO$(R)$.
Consider a tensor product of simple dyadic shifts defined below. We prove here that for dyadic bi-parameter repeated commutator its norm can be estimated from below by Chang-Fefferman $BMO$ norm pertinent to its symbol. See Theorems in Section 8 at the end of this article. But this is done below under an extra assumption on the Haar--Fourier side of the symbol. In Section 7 we carefully analyze what goes wrong in the absence of this extra assumption. At the end of this note we also list a counterexample to the existing proof of characterization of bi-parameter repeated commutator with the Hilb…
In this paper we give a simple proof of the fact that the average over all dyadic lattices of the dyadic $H^1$-norm of a function gives an equivalent $H^1$-norm. The proof we present works for both one-parameter and multi-parameter Hardy spaces. The results of such type are known. The first result (for one-parameter Hardy spces) belongs to Burgess Davis (1980). Also, by duality, such results are equivalent to the "BMO from dyadic BMO" statements proved by Garnett-Jones(1982} for one parameter case, and by Pipher-Ward (2008) for two-parameter case. While the paper generalizes these results to t…
In 1985, Bloom characterized the boundedness of the commutator $[b,H]$ as a map between a pair of weighted $L^{p}$ spaces, where both weights are in $A_p$. The characterization is in terms of a novel $BMO$ condition. We give a 'modern' proof of this result, in the case of $p=2$. In a subsequent paper, this argument will be used to generalize Bloom's result to all Calderón-Zygmund operators and dimensions.
We extend the definitions of dyadic paraproduct and t-Haar multipliers to dyadic operators that depend on the complexity (m,n), for m and n positive integers. We will use the ideas developed by Nazarov and Volberg to prove that the weighted L^2(w)-norm of a paraproduct with complexity (m,n) associated to a function b\in BMO, depends linearly on the A_2-characteristic of the weight w, linearly on the BMO-norm of b, and polynomially in the complexity. This argument provides a new proof of the linear bound for the dyadic paraproduct (the one with complexity (0,0)). Also we prove that the L^2-norm…
We study boundedness properties of a class of multiparameter paraproducts on the dual space of the dyadic Hardy space H_d^1(T^N), the dyadic product BMO space BMO_d(T^N). For this, we introduce a notion of logarithmic mean oscillation on the polydisc. We also obtain a result on the boundedness of iterated commutators on BMO([0,1]^2).
In this paper, we establish a representation formula for fractional integrals. As a consequence, for two fractional integral operators $I_{λ_1}$ and $I_{λ_2}$, we prove a Bloom type inequality \begin{align*} \mbox{\hbox to 8em{}}& \hskip -8em \left\|\big[I_{λ_1}^1,\big[b,I_{λ_2}^2\big]\big] \right\|_{L^{p_2}(L^{p_1})(μ_2^{p_2}\timesμ_1^{p_1})\rightarrow L^{q_2}(L^{q_1})(σ_2^{q_2}\timesσ_1^{q_1})} % \\ %& \lesssim_{\substack{[μ_1]_{A_{p_1,q_1}(\mathbb R^n)},[μ_2]_{A_{p_2,q_2}(\mathbb R^m)} \\ [σ_1]_{A_{p_1,q_1}(\mathbb R^n)},[σ_2]_{A_{p_2,q_2}(\mathbb R^m)}}} \|b\|_{\BMO_{\pro}(ν)}, \end{align*…
We show that the product BMO space can be characterized by iterated commutators of a large class of Calderón-Zygmund operators. This result follows from a new proof of boundedness of iterated commutators in terms of the BMO norm of their symbol functions, using Hytönen's representation theorem of Calderón-Zygmund operators as averages of dyadic shifts. The proof introduces some new paraproducts which have BMO estimates.
In this paper, we show that dyadic paraproducts $π_b$ with $b$ in dyadic BMO are bounded on matrix weighted $L^p(W)$ if $W$ is a matrix $\text{A}_p$ weight.
In this paper we characterize the two matrix weighted boundedness of commutators with any of the Riesz transforms (when both are matrix A${}_p$ weights) in terms of a natural two matrix weighted BMO space. Furthermore, we identify this BMO space when $p = 2$ as the dual of a natural two matrix weighted H${}^1$ space, and use our commutator result to provide a converse to Bloom's matrix A${}_2$ theorem, which as a very special case proves Buckley's summation condition for matrix A${}_2$ weights. Finally, we use our results to prove a matrix weighted John-Nirenberg inequality, and we also briefl…
Given a Calderón-Zygmund operator $T$, a classic result of Coifman-Rochberg-Weiss relates the norm of the commutator $[b, T]$ with the BMO norm of $b$. We focus on a weighted version of this result, obtained by Bloom and later generalized by Lacey and the authors, which relates $\| [b, T] : L^p(\mathbb{R}^n; μ) \to L^p(\mathbb{R}^n; λ) \|$ to the norm of $b$ in a certain weighted BMO space determined by $A_p$ weights $μ$ and $λ$. We extend this result to higher iterates of the commutator and recover a one-weight result of Chung-Pereyra-Perez in the process.
In this paper we investigate weighted norm inequalities for the commutator of a fractional integral operator and multiplication by a function. In particular, we show that, for $μ,λ\in A_{p,q}$ and $α/n+1/q=1/p$, the norm $\| [b,I_α]:L^p(μ^p)\to L^q(λ^q) \|$ is equivalent to the norm of $b$ in the weighted BMO space $BMO(ν)$, where $ν=μλ^{-1}$. This work extends some of the results on this topic existing in the literature, and continues a line of investigation which was initiated by Bloom in 1985 and was recently developed further by the first author, Lacey, and Wick.
Let b be a function on the plane. Let H_j, j=1,2, be the Hilbert transform acting on the j-th coordinate on the plane. We show that the operator norm of the double commutator [[ M_b, H_1], H_2] is equivalent to the Chang-Fefferman BMO norm of b. Here, M_b denotes the operator which is multiplication by b. This result extends a well known theorem of Nehari on weak factorization in the Hardy space H^1 to the same theorem on H^1 of a product domain. The product setting is more delicate because of the presence of a two parameter family of dilations. The method of proof depends upon (a) A dyadic de…
In this paper, we study the dyadic Carleson Embedding Theorem in the matrix weighted setting. We provide two new proofs of this theorem, which highlight connections between the matrix Carleson Embedding Theorem and both maximal functions and $H^1$-BMO duality. Along the way, we establish boundedness results about new maximal functions associated to matrix $A_2$ weights and duality results concerning $H^1$ and BMO sequence spaces in the matrix setting. As an application, we then use this Carleson Embedding Theorem to show that if $S$ is a sparse operator, then the operator norm of $S$ on $L^2(W…
Let $B$ be a locally integrable matrix function, $W$ a matrix A${}_p$ weight with $1 < p < \infty$, and $T$ be any of the Riesz transforms. We will characterize the boundedness of the commutator $[T, B]$ on $L^p(W)$ in terms of the membership of $B$ in a natural matrix weighted BMO space. To do this, we will characterize the boundedness of dyadic paraproducts on $L^p(W)$ via a new matrix weighted Carleson embedding theorem. Finally, we will use some of the ideas from these proofs to (among other things) obtain quantitative weighted norm inequalities for these operators and also use them to pro…
Let $f:=(f_n)_{n\in \mathbb{Z}_+}$ and $g:=(g_n)_{n\in \mathbb{Z}_+}$ be two martingales related to the probability space $(Ω,\mathcal F,\mathbb P)$ equipped with the filtration $(\mathcal F_n)_{n\in \mathbb{Z}_+}.$ Assume that $f$ is in the martingale Hardy space $H_1$ and $g$ is in its dual space, namely the martingale $\rm BMO.$ Then the semi-martingale $f\cdot g:=(f_ng_n)_{n\in \mathbb{Z}_+}$ may be written as the sum $$f\cdot g=G(f, g)+L( f,g).$$ Here $L( f,g):=(L( f,g)_n)_{n\in\mathbb{Z}_+}$ with $L( f,g)_n:=\sum_{k=0}^n(f_k-f_{k-1})(g_k-g_{k-1)})$ for any $n\in\mathbb{Z}_+$, where $f_{-…
