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arXiv 2010.04053cs.LGstat.ML
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机器学习中的公平性:一项综述

Fairness in Machine Learning: A Survey

University College Dublin(都柏林大学学院);University of Nebraska at Omaha(内布拉斯加大学奥马哈分校)

Simon Caton, Christian Haas

AI总结:

本文综述了机器学习中的公平性问题,将缓解偏见的方法归纳为预处理、处理中和后处理框架及11个子领域,并探讨了多任务场景与开源库,最后提出四大研究困境。

摘要:

随着机器学习技术在影响公民的情境中被日益广泛使用,公司以及研究人员需要确信,他们对这些方法的应用不会产生意想不到的社会影响,例如针对性别、种族和/或残疾人的偏见。关于减轻偏见和促进公平的方法已有大量文献,但对于该领域的新手来说,该领域复杂且难以深入。本文旨在概述机器学习文献中缓解(社会)偏见和提高公平性的不同学派思想与方法。它将各种方法归入广泛接受的预处理、处理中和后处理方法框架中,并进一步细分为11个方法领域。尽管大部分文献强调二元分类,但本文也讨论了回归、推荐系统、无监督学习和自然语言处理中的公平性问题,并精选了一些目前可用的开源库。文章最后总结了公平性研究面临的开放性挑战,将其概括为四个困境。

英文摘要:

As Machine Learning technologies become increasingly used in contexts that affect citizens, companies as well as researchers need to be confident that their application of these methods will not have unexpected social implications, such as bias towards gender, ethnicity, and/or people with disabilities. There is significant literature on approaches to mitigate bias and promote fairness, yet the area is complex and hard to penetrate for newcomers to the domain. This article seeks to provide an overview of the different schools of thought and approaches to mitigating (social) biases and increase fairness in the Machine Learning literature. It organises approaches into the widely accepted framework of pre-processing, in-processing, and post-processing methods, subcategorizing into a further 11 method areas. Although much of the literature emphasizes binary classification, a discussion of fairness in regression, recommender systems, unsupervised learning, and natural language processing is also provided along with a selection of currently available open source libraries. The article concludes by summarising open challenges articulated as four dilemmas for fairness research.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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