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arXiv 2406.09307cs.LGcs.CYstat.ML
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什么是公平?定义机器学习在健康领域的公平性

What is Fair? Defining Fairness in Machine Learning for Health

Department of Statistical Sciences, University of Toronto(统计科学系,多伦多大学);Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health(哈佛T.H. Chan公共卫生学院);York University(约克大学);Verily Life Sciences(Verily生命科学公司);Duke University(杜克大学);University of Toronto(多伦多大学)

Jianhui Gao, Benson Chou, Zachary R. McCaw, Hilary Thurston, Paul Varghese, Chuan Hong, Jessica Gronsbell

AI总结:

本文探讨健康领域机器学习中公平性的定义,分析不公平决策成因及衡量方法,综述群体、个体和因果框架下的公平性概念,并展望未来研究机遇与挑战。

摘要:

确保机器学习(ML)模型对所有患者安全、有效且公平,对于临床决策和防止现有健康差距的扩大至关重要。在这项工作中,我们考察了公平性在健康领域的机器学习中是如何被概念化的,包括ML模型可能导致不公平决策的原因,以及公平性在多样化实际应用中的衡量方式。我们回顾了群体、个体和基于因果关系的框架中常用的公平性概念。我们还讨论了未来研究的前景,并强调了在健康相关应用中实现公平性的机遇与挑战。

英文摘要:

Ensuring that machine learning (ML) models are safe, effective, and equitable across all patients is critical for clinical decision-making and for preventing the amplification of existing health disparities. In this work, we examine how fairness is conceptualized in ML for health, including why ML models may lead to unfair decisions and how fairness has been measured in diverse real-world applications. We review commonly used fairness notions within group, individual, and causal-based frameworks. We also discuss the outlook for future research and highlight opportunities and challenges in operationalizing fairness in health-focused applications.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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