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arXiv 2010.02258astro-ph.GA
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扩散云中ArH +化学的扩展视图

Extending the view of ArH+ chemistry in diffuse clouds

Arshia M. Jacob, Karl M. Menten, Friedrich Wyrowski, Benjamin Winkel, David A. Neufeld

摘要:

赫歇尔任务的一个惊喜是在蟹状星云的发射和对强银河背景源的吸收中检测到ArH+。虽然这些探测仅限于银河系的第一象限,但现有的数据表明,ArH+无处不在,专门探测ISM的扩散原子区域。在这项研究中,我们扩大了ArH+的覆盖范围到银河系的其他部分,其J = 1-0过渡沿7个银河视线明亮的亚毫米连续源的新观测。我们的目标是通过评估其与其他众所周知的原子和分子气体示踪剂的相关性(或缺乏相关性)来衡量其作为纯原子气体示踪剂的效率。在APEX 12米望远镜上使用新的灵敏的SEPIA 660接收器对617.5 GHz附近的ArH+进行了观测。该接收机的两个边带使我们能够同时观察到607.227 GHz的p-H2O+跃迁和ArH+谱线。通过分析OH+和o-H2O+的稳态化学,我们得出了在本研究所研究的视线方向上的平均宇宙线电离率(CRIR)为2.3e-16 s^-1。使用CRIR和所观察到的ArH+丰度的导出值,我们限制由ArH+追踪的气体的分子分数低于2 e-2,中值为8.8e-4。结合起来,我们的ArH+,OH+,H2O+,和CH探测ISM的不同制度的观察,从扩散原子扩散和半透明的分子云。在银河系尺度上,我们看到N(ArH+)的分布与N(H)的分布相关,特别是在银河系内部,在更大的银河系中心距离处,原子气体的温暖中性介质相可能甚至有贡献。我们推导出的平均O/P比为2.1的H2O+,这对应于核自旋温度为41 K,符合典型的气体温度的弥漫云。

英文摘要:

One of the surprises of the Herschel mission was the detection of ArH+ towards the Crab Nebula in emission and in absorption towards strong Galactic background sources. Although these detections were limited to the first quadrant of the Galaxy, the existing data suggest that ArH+ ubiquitously and exclusively probes the diffuse atomic regions of the ISM. In this study, we extend the coverage of ArH+ to other parts of the Galaxy with new observations of its J = 1-0 transition along seven Galactic sight lines towards bright sub-mm continuum sources. We aim to benchmark its efficiency as a tracer of purely atomic gas by evaluating its correlation (or lack there of) with other well-known atomic and molecular gas tracers. The observations of ArH+ near 617.5 GHz were made feasible with the new, sensitive SEPIA660 receiver on the APEX 12 m telescope. The two sidebands of this receiver allowed us to observe p-H2O+ transitions of at 607.227 GHz simultaneously with the ArH+ line. By analysing the steady state chemistry of OH+ and o-H2O+, we derive on average a cosmic-ray ionisation rate (CRIR), of 2.3e-16 s^-1 towards the sight lines studied in this work. Using the derived values of the CRIR and the observed ArH+ abundances we constrain the molecular fraction of the gas traced by ArH+ to lie below 2e-2 with a median value of 8.8e-4. Combined, our observations of ArH+, OH+, H2O+, and CH probe different regimes of the ISM, from diffuse atomic to diffuse and translucent molecular clouds. Over Galactic scales, we see that the distribution of N(ArH+) is associated with that of N(H), particularly in the inner Galaxy with potentially even contributions from the warm neutral medium phase of atomic gas at larger galactocentric distances. We derive an average o/p-ratio for H2O+ of 2.1, which corresponds to a nuclear spin temperature of 41 K, consistent with the typical gas temperatures of diffuse clouds.

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