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arXiv 2009.09403astro-ph.HE
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在大麦云星云中发现一个持续时间约30年的新星后脉动超软源

Discovery of a ~30-Year-Duration Post-Nova Pulsating Supersoft Source in the Large Magellanic Cloud

G. Vasilopoulos, F. Koliopanos, T. E. Woods, F. Haberl, M. D. Soraisam, A. Udalski

摘要:

超软X射线源(SSS)被认为是从双星伴星吸积而来的白矮星,其表面的吸积物质经历核燃烧。虽然从双星演化模型和它们作为Ia型超新星祖先候选者的身份来看,预计会有相对较多的星群,但考虑到SSS的光谱非常软,已知的星群相对较少。在这里,我们报告的X射线和光学性质的1 RXS J050526.3-684628,以前身份不明的吸积核燃烧白矮星位于大麦云(LMC)。XMM-牛顿观测使我们能够研究其X射线光谱,并首次测量~170 s的短周期振荡。通过分析eROSITA新获得的X射线数据,以及Swift观测和ROSAT档案数据,我们跟踪了过去30年的长期演变。我们确定1 RXS J050526.3-684628是一个缓慢演变的新星后SSS,经历了残余的表面核燃烧,最终在2013年达到顶峰,现在正在下降。通过与现有模型的比较,我们发现有效温度和光度的演化与~0.7 $M_{\odot}$碳氧白矮星吸积~10 $^{-9}~\rm{M}_{\odot}$ /yr是一致的。我们的研究结果表明,可能有更多的未被发现的SSS和“错过”新星等待专门的深X射线搜索在LMC和其他地方。

英文摘要:

Supersoft X-ray sources (SSS) have been identified as white dwarfs accreting from binary companions and undergoing nuclear-burning of the accreted material on their surface. Although expected to be a relatively numerous population from both binary evolution models and their identification as Type Ia supernova progenitor candidates, given the very soft spectrum of SSSs relatively few are known. Here we report on the X-ray and optical properties of 1RXS J050526.3-684628, a previously unidentified accreting nuclear-burning white dwarf located in the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC). XMM-Newton observations enabled us to study its X-ray spectrum and measure for the first time short period oscillations of ~170 s. By analysing newly obtained X-ray data by eROSITA, together with Swift observations and archival ROSAT data, we have followed its long-term evolution over the last 3 decades. We identify 1RXS J050526.3-684628 as a slowly-evolving post-nova SSS undergoing residual surface nuclear-burning, which finally reached its peak in 2013 and is now declining. Though long expected on theoretical grounds, such long-lived residual-burning objects had not yet been found. By comparison with existing models, we find that the effective temperature and luminosity evolution are consistent with a ~0.7 $M_{\odot}$ carbon-oxygen white dwarf accreting ~10$^{-9}~\rm{M}_{\odot}$/yr. Our results suggest there may be many more undiscovered SSSs and "missed" novae awaiting dedicated deep X-ray searches in the LMC and elsewhere.

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