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arXiv 1907.02130astro-ph.HEastro-ph.SR
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不受nuclear fusion驱动的白矮星双星的超软X射线辐射

Supersoft X-ray emission from a white dwarf binary not powered by nuclear fusion

Thomas J. Maccarone, Thomas J. Nelson, Peter J. Brown, Koji Mukai, Philip A. Charles, Andry Rajoelimanana, David A. H. Buckley, Jay Strader, Laura Chomiuk, Chri… 展开作者

Thomas J. Maccarone, Thomas J. Nelson, Peter J. Brown, Koji Mukai, Philip A. Charles, Andry Rajoelimanana, David A. H. Buckley, Jay Strader, Laura Chomiuk, Christopher T. Britt, Saurabh W. Jha, Przemek Mróz, Andrzej Udalski, Michal K. Szymański, Igor Soszyński, Radosław Poleski, Szymon Kozłowski, Paweł Pietrukowicz, Jan Skowron, Krzysztof Ulaczyk

摘要:

超软X射线源是恒星物体,其发射的X射线温度约为100万开尔文,亮度远远超过恒星日冕所能产生的X射线。一般认为这类天体是双星系统,其中质量转移导致白矮星表面的核聚变。经典新星是白矮星表面的失控核聚变事件,通常具有超软相,通常认为从高速吸积的白矮星中看到的明亮稳定的超软X射线源正在进行稳定的核聚变。在这封信中,我们报告了在小麦哲伦星云中发现的瞬态超软源,没有任何核聚变的迹象。这一发现表明,X射线发射可能来自"扩散层"--靠近吸积盘内缘的白矮星表面的一条带,其中发射了总吸积能量的很大一部分--而且(尽管更试探性地)吸积的白矮星质量相对较大。因此,我们确定,超软源的存在并不总是被用作核聚变的示踪剂,这与几十年来关于超软发射性质的共识相矛盾。

英文摘要:

Supersoft X-ray sources are stellar objects which emit X-rays with temperatures of about 1 million Kelvin and luminosities well in excess of what can be produced by stellar coronae. It has generally been presumed that the objects in this class are binary star systems in which mass transfer leads to nuclear fusion on the surface of a white dwarf. Classical novae, the runaway fusion events on the surfaces of white dwarfs, generally have supersoft phases, and it is often stated that the bright steady supersoft X-ray sources seen from white dwarfs accreting mass at a high rate are undergoing steady nuclear fusion. In this letter, we report the discovery of a transient supersoft source in the Small Magellanic Cloud without any signature of nuclear fusion having taken place. This discovery indicates that the X-ray emission probably comes from a "spreading layer" - a belt on the surface of the white dwarf near the inner edge of the accretion disk in which a large fraction of the total accretion energy is emitted - and (albeit more tentatively) that the accreting white dwarf is relatively massive. We thus establish that the presence of a supersoft source cannot always be used as a tracer of nuclear fusion, in contradiction with decades-old consensus about the nature of supersoft emission.

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