用于光学相位估计的单次非高斯测量
Single-shot non-Gaussian Measurements for Optical Phase Estimation
摘要：
在量子精密测量中，以最小的不确定性估计物理系统的性质是一项中心任务。光学相位估计是许多光学测量任务的中心，其中物理参数的值被映射到电磁场的相位，并且该相位的单次测量是必要的。虽然存在能够以小的不确定性估计Single Shot中的光的相位的测量，但是对于相干态的未知相位的接近最佳的Single Shot测量的演示仍然难以捉摸。在这里，我们提出并证明了战略的单次测量的从头相位估计的相干态，超越外差测量的灵敏度限制和方法的Cramer-Rao下界相干态。这些单次估计策略基于相干位移操作的实时优化、具有光子数分辨率的单光子计数和快速反馈。我们表明，我们的演示这些优化的估计策略超过外差限制的光功率范围很广，而无需校正检测效率与适度数量的自适应测量步骤。据我们所知，这是对编码在光学相干态中的未知相位的最灵敏的单次测量。
英文摘要：
Estimation of the properties of a physical system with minimal uncertainty is a central task in quantum metrology. Optical phase estimation is at the center of many metrological tasks where the value of a physical parameter is mapped to the phase of an electromagnetic field, and single-shot measurements of this phase are necessary. While there are measurements able to estimate the phase of light in a single shot with small uncertainties, demonstrations of near-optimal single-shot measurements for an unknown phase of a coherent state remain elusive. Here, we propose and demonstrate strategies for single-shot measurements for ab initio phase estimation of coherent states that surpass the sensitivity limit of heterodyne measurement and approach the Cramer-Rao lower bound for coherent states. These single-shot estimation strategies are based on real-time optimization of coherent displacement operations, single photon counting with photon number resolution, and fast feedback. We show that our demonstration of these optimized estimation strategies surpasses the heterodyne limit for a wide range of optical powers without correcting for detection efficiency with a moderate number of adaptive measurement steps. This is, to our knowledge, the most sensitive single-shot measurement of an unknown phase encoded in optical coherent states.
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