We demonstrate the first compact photonic flywheel with sub-fs time jitter (averaging times up to 10 μs) at the quantum-noise limit of a monolithic fiber resonator. Such quantum-limited performance is accessed through novel two-step pumping scheme for dissipative Kerr soliton (DKS) generation. Controllable interaction between stimulated Brillouin lasing and Kerr nonlinearity enhances the DKS coherence and mitigate the thermal instability challenge, achieving a remarkable 22-Hz intrinsic comb linewidth and an unprecedented phase noise of -180 dBc/Hz at 945 MHz carrier at free running. The scheme can be generalized to various device platforms for field-deployable precision metrology.
We report the observation of stimulated Brillouin scattering and lasing at 1550~nm in barium fluoride (BaF$_2$) crystal. Brillouin lasing was achieved with ultra-high quality ($Q$) factor monolithic whispering gallery mode (WGM) mm-size disk resonators. Overmoded resonators were specifically used to provide cavity resonances for both the pump and all Brillouin Stokes waves. Single and multiple Brillouin Stokes radiations with frequency shift ranging from $8.2$ GHz up to $49$ GHz have been generated through cascaded Brillouin lasing. BaF$_2$ resonator-based Brillouin lasing can find potential a…
We report on the realization and optical characterization of a CMOS-compatible silicon-based microresonator/waveguide coupled system, fully integrated on a silicon chip. The device uses a vertical coupling scheme between the resonator and a buried strip waveguide. We demonstrate that its high optical quality follows from the accurate planarization of the waveguide topography. More importantly, we demonstrate a wafer-scale mass fabrication of freestanding planar resonators suspended in air and coupled to the integrated bus waveguides. A nanometer control of the coupling distances allows for a p…
We report on a combined theoretical and experimental study of the optical coupling between a microdisk resonator and a waveguide laying on different planes. While the lateral coupling between a planar resonator and a waveguide is characterized by a unique distance at which the resonant waveguide transmission vanishes because of destructive interference, the vertical coupling geometry exhibits an oscillatory behavior in the coupling amplitude as a function of the vertical gap. This effect manifests experimentally as oscillations in both the waveguide transmission and the mode quality factor. An…
We demonstrate an ultralow loss monolithic integrated lithium niobate photonic platform consisting of dry-etched subwavelength waveguides. We show microring resonators with a quality factor of 10$^7$ and waveguides with propagation loss as low as 2.7 dB/m.
We report on an integrated non-degenerate narrowband photon pair source produced at 890 nm and 1320nm via type II parametric down-conversion in a periodically poled waveguide with high-reflective dielectric mirrors deposited on the waveguide end faces. The conversion spectrum consists of three clusters and only 3 to 4 longitudinal modes with about 150 MHz bandwidth in each cluster. The high conversion efficiency in the waveguide, together with the spectral clustering in the double resonator, leads to a high brightness of $3\times10^3~$pairs/(s$\cdot$mW$\cdot$MHz). The compact and rugged monoli…
Cavity opto-mechanics enabled radiation pressure (RP) driven oscillators shown in the past offer an all optical Radio Frequency (RF) source without the need for external electrical feedback. However these oscillators require external tapered fiber or prism coupling and non-standard fabrication processes. In this work, we present a CMOS compatible fabrication process to design high optical quality factor opto-mechanical resonators in silicon nitride. The ring resonators designed in this process demonstrate low phase noise RP driven oscillations. Using integrated grating couplers and waveguide t…
We demonstrate a monolithic optical whispering gallery mode resonator fabricated with barium fluoride (BaF$_2$) with an ultra-high quality ($Q$) factor above $10^9$ at $1550$ nm, and measured with both the linewidth and cavity-ring-down methods. Vertical scanning optical profilometry shows that the root mean square surface roughness of $2$ nm is achieved for our mm-size disk. To the best of our knowledge, we show for the first time that one billion $Q$-factor is achievable by precision polishing in relatively soft crystals with mohs hardness of ~$3$. We show that complex thermo-optical dynamic…
We demonstrate experimentally, and explain theoretically, generation of a wide, fundamentally phase locked Kerr frequency comb in a nonlinear resonator with a normal group velocity dispersion. A magnesium fluoride whispering gallery resonator characterized with 10 GHz free spectral range and pumped either at 780 nm or 795 nm is used in the experiment. The envelope of the observed frequency comb differs significantly from the Kerr frequency comb spectra reported previously. We show via numerical simulation that, while the frequency comb does not correspond to generation of short optical pulses,…
Strongly interacting solitons confined to an optical resonator would offer unique capabilities for experiments in communication, computation, and sensing with light. Here we report on the discovery of soliton crystals in monolithic Kerr microresonators-spontaneously and collectively ordered ensembles of co-propagating solitons whose interactions discretize their allowed temporal separations. We unambiguously identify and characterize soliton crystals through analysis of their 'fingerprint' optical spectra, which arise from spectral interference between the solitons. We identify a rich space of…
We introduce a monolithic Brillouin generator based on a semiconductor micropillar cavity embedding a high frequency nanoacoustic resonator operating in the hundreds of GHz range. The concept of two nested resonators allows an independent design of the ultrahigh frequency Brillouin spectrum and of the optical device. We develop an optical free-space technique to characterize spontaneous Brillouin scattering in this monolithic device and propose a measurement protocol that maximizes the Brillouin generation efficiency in the presence of optically induced thermal effects. The compact and versati…
We report on the experimental observation of spontaneous creation and annihilation of temporal cavity solitons (CSs) in a coherently-driven, macroscopic optical fiber resonator. Specifically, we show that CSs are spontaneously created when the frequency of the cavity driving field is tuned across a resonance, and that they can individually disappear at different stages of the scan. In contrast to previous experiments in monolithic microresonators, we are able to identify these dynamics in real time, thanks to the macroscopic dimensions of our resonator. Our experimental observations are in exc…
Monolithic tantalum pentoxide microrings with intrinsic Q factors exceeding 4X10(6)
East China Normal University（华东师范大学）；Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院上海光学精密机械研究所）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Shanghai Research Center for Quantum Sciences（上海量子科学研究中心）；Hefei National Laboratory（合肥国家实验室）；Shanxi University（山西大学）；Shandong Normal University（山东师范大学）
Integrated quantum photonics (IQP) provides a path to practical, scalable quantum computation, communications and information processing. Realization of an IQP platform requires integration of quantum emitters with high quality photonic circuits. However, the range of materials for monolithic platforms is limited by the simultaneous need for a high-quality single photon source, high optical performance and availability of scalable nanofabrication techniques. Here we demonstrate the fabrication of IQP components from the recently emerged quantum material hexagonal boron nitride (hBN), including…
Photonic molecules can be used to realize complex optical energy states and modes, analogous to those found in molecules, with properties useful for applications like spectral engineering and quantum optics. It is desirable to implement photonic molecules using high quality factor photonic integrated ring resonators due to their narrow atom-like spectral resonance, tunability, and the ability to scale the number of resonators on a photonic circuit. However, to take full advantage of molecule spectral complexity and tuning degree of freedom, resonator structures should have full symmetry in ter…
Here we demonstrate quantum interference of photons on a Silicon chip produced from a single ring resonator photon source. The source is seamlessly integrated with a Mach-Zehnder interferometer, which path entangles degenerate bi-photons produced via spontaneous four wave mixing in the Silicon ring resonator. The resulting bi-photon N00N state is controlled by varying the relative phase of the integrated Mach-Zehnder interferometer, resulting in high two-photon interference visibilities of V~96%. Furthermore, we show that the interference can be produced using pump wavelengths tuned to all of …
Color centers in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) are becoming an increasingly important building block for quantum photonic applications. Herein, we demonstrate the efficient coupling of recently discovered spin defects in hBN to purposely designed bullseye cavities. We show that the all monolithic hBN cavity system exhibits an order of magnitude enhancement in the emission of the coupled boron vacancy spin defects. In addition, by comparative finite difference time domain modelling, we shed light on the emission dipole orientation, which has not been experimentally demonstrated at this point. B…
Monolithic Integration of Piezo-Optomechanical Photonics and CMOS Electronics
The MITRE Corporation（MITRE公司）；Electrical, Computer, and Energy Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder（科罗拉多大学博尔德分校电气、计算机和能源工程学院）；Sandia National Laboratories（桑迪亚国家实验室）；Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学怀恩特光学科学学院）；Research Laboratory of Electronics, Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院电子研究实验室）
We report an optical link on silicon using micrometer-scale ring-resonator enhanced silicon modulators and waveguide-integrated germanium photodetectors. We show 3 Gbps operation of the link with 0.5 V modulator voltage swing and 1.0 V detector bias. The total energy consumption for such a link is estimated to be ~120 fJ/bit. Such compact and low power monolithic link is an essential step towards large-scale on-chip optical interconnects for future microprocessors.
We present a performance analysis of compact monolithic optomechanical inertial sensors that describes their key fundamental limits and overall acceleration noise floor. Performance simulations for low frequency gravity-sensitive inertial sensors show attainable acceleration noise floors of the order of 10^-11 ms^-2/rtHz. Furthermore, from our performance models, we determine the optimization criteria in our sensor designs, sensitivity, and bandwidth trade space. We conducted characterization measurements of these compact mechanical resonators, demonstrating mQ-products at levels of 250kg, whi…
Centre de Nanosciences et de Nanotechnologies, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS（巴黎萨克雷大学国家科学研究中心纳米科学和纳米技术研究中心）；Université Côte d’Azur, CNRS, Institut de Physique de Nice (INPHYNI)（蔚蓝海岸大学法国国家科学研究中心尼斯物理研究所）；CEA-LETI-Minatec（法国原子能和替代能源委员会技术、电子与信息技术实验室）
We propose and design photonic crystal cavities (PCCs) in hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) for diverse photonic and quantum applications. Two dimensional (2D) hBN flakes contain quantum emitters which are ultra-bright and photostable at room temperature. To achieve optimal coupling of these emitters to optical resonators, fabrication of cavities from monolithic hBN is therefore required, to maximize the overlap between cavity optical modes and the emitters. Here, we design 2D and 1D PCCs using anisotropic indices of hBN. The influence of underlying substrates and material absorption are investiga…
Silicon carbide (SiC) is rapidly emerging as a leading platform for the implementation of nonlinear and quantum photonics. Here, we find that commercial SiC, which hosts a variety of spin qubits, possesses low optical absorption that can enable SiC integrated photonics with quality factors exceeding $10^7$. We fabricate microring resonators with quality factors as high as 1.1 million, and observe low-threshold (8.5 $\pm$ 0.5 mW) optical parametric oscillation as well as optical microcombs spanning 200 nm. Our demonstration is an essential milestone in the development of photonic devices that h…
Fiber Fabry-Perot cavities, formed by micro-machined mirrors on the end-facets of optical fibers, are used in an increasing number of technical and scientific applications, where they typically require precise stabilization of their optical resonances. Here, we study two different approaches to construct fiber Fabry-Perot resonators and stabilize their length for experiments in cavity quantum electrodynamics with neutral atoms. A piezo-mechanically actuated cavity with feedback based on the Pound-Drever-Hall locking technique is compared to a novel rigid cavity design that makes use of the hig…
Integrated quantum photonics relies critically on the purity, scalability, integrability, and flexibility of a photon source to support diverse quantum functionalities on a single chip. Up to date, it remains an open challenge to realize an efficient monolithic photon-pair source for on-chip application. Here we report a device on the silicon-on-insulator platform that utilizes dramatic cavity enhanced four-wave mixing in a high-Q silicon microdisk resonator. The device is able to produce high-purity photon pairs in a comb fashion, with an unprecedented spectral brightness of $6.24 \times 10^7…
Integration of solid state quantum emitters into nanophotonic circuits is a critical step towards fully on-chip quantum photonic based technologies. Among potential materials platforms, quantum emitters in hexagonal boron nitride have emerged over the last years as viable candidate. While the fundamental physical properties have been intensively studied over the last years, only few works have focused on the emitter integration into photonic resonators. Yet, for a potential quantum photonic material platform, the integration with nanophotonic cavities is an important cornerstone, as it enables…
Quantum photonic chips, which integrate quantum light sources alongside active and passive optical elements, as well as single photon detectors, show great potential for photonic quantum information processing and quantum technology. Mature semiconductor nanofabrication processes allow for scaling such photonic integrated circuits to on-chip networks of increasing complexity. Second order nonlinear materials are the method of choice for generating photonic quantum states in the overwhelming part of linear optic experiments using bulk components but integration with waveguide circuitry on a nan…
A compact low-frequency optomechanical triaxial inertial sensor
Wyant College of Optical Sciences, University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学怀雅特光学科学学院）；Leibniz University Hannover（汉诺威莱布尼茨大学）；Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute)（马克斯·普朗克引力物理研究所（爱因斯坦研究所））；Arizona State University（亚利桑那州立大学）；Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory（劳伦斯利弗莫尔国家实验室）
We report a broadband radio frequency (RF) channelizer with up to 92 channels using a coherent microcomb source. A soliton crystal microcomb, generated by a 49 GHz micro-ring resonator (MRR), is used as a multi-wavelength source. Due to its ultra-low comb spacing, up to 92 wavelengths are available in the C band, yielding a broad operation bandwidth. Another high-Q MRR is employed as a passive optical periodic filter to slice the RF spectrum with a high resolution of 121.4 MHz. We experimentally achieve an instantaneous RF operation bandwidth of 8.08 GHz and verify RF channelization up to 17.5…
Development of scalable quantum photonic technologies requires on-chip integration of components such as photonic crystal cavities and waveguides with nonclassical light sources. Recently, hexagonal boron nitride (hBN) has emerged as a promising platform for nanophotonics, following reports of hyperbolic phonon-polaritons and optically stable, ultra-bright quantum emitters. However, exploitation of hBN in scalable, on-chip nanophotonic circuits, quantum information processing and cavity quantum electrodynamics (QED) experiments requires robust techniques for the fabrication of monolithic optic…
Integrated photonic circuits are key components for photonic quantum technologies and for the implementation of chip-based quantum devices. Future applications demand flexible architectures to overcome common limitations of many current devices, for instance the lack of tuneabilty or built-in quantum light sources. Here, we report on a dynamically reconfigurable integrated photonic circuit comprising integrated quantum dots (QDs), a Mach-Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and surface acoustic wave (SAW) transducers directly fabricated on a monolithic semiconductor platform. We demonstrate on-chip si…
