Multi-bit watermarking (MW) has been designed to enhance resistance against watermarking attacks, such as signal processing operations and geometric distortions. Various benchmark tools exist to assess this robustness through simulated attacks on watermarked images. However, these tools often fail to capitalize on the unique attributes of the targeted MW and typically neglect the aspect of visual quality, a critical factor in practical applications. To overcome these shortcomings, we introduce a watermarking attack network (WAN), a fully trainable watermarking benchmark tool designed to exploit vulnerabilities within MW systems and induce watermark bit inversions, significantly diminishing watermark extractability. The proposed WAN employs an architecture based on residual dense blocks, which is adept at both local and global feature learning, thereby maintaining high visual quality while obstructing the extraction of embedded information. Our empirical results demonstrate that the WAN effectively undermines various block-based MW systems while minimizing visual degradation caused by attacks. This is facilitated by our novel watermarking attack loss, which is specifically crafted to compromise these systems. The WAN functions not only as a benchmarking tool but also as an add-on watermarking (AoW) mechanism, augmenting established universal watermarking schemes by enhancing robustness or imperceptibility without requiring detailed method context and adapting to dynamic watermarking requirements. Extensive experimental results show that AoW complements the performance of the targeted MW system by independently enhancing both imperceptibility and robustness.
In the field of information technology, information security technologies hold a special place. They ensure the security of the use of information technology. One of the urgent tasks is the protection of electronic documents during their transfer in information systems. This paper proposes a technology for protecting electronic documents containing digital images. The main idea is that the electronic document authorship protection can be implemented by digital watermark embedding in the images that are contained in this document. The paper considers three cases of using the proposed technology…
Due to the recent demand of 3-D models in several applications like medical imaging, video games, among others, the necessity of implementing 3-D mesh watermarking schemes aiming to protect copyright has increased considerably. The majority of robust 3-D watermarking techniques have essentially focused on the robustness against attacks while the imperceptibility of these techniques is still a real issue. In this context, a blind robust 3-D mesh watermarking method based on mesh saliency and Quantization Index Modulation (QIM) for Copyright protection is proposed. The watermark is embedded by q…
University of New South Wales（新南威尔士大学）；The Australian National University（澳大利亚国立大学）；CSIRO’s Data61（澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织Data61研究所）
Generative AI (e.g., Generative Adversarial Networks - GANs) has become increasingly popular in recent years. However, Generative AI introduces significant concerns regarding the protection of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) (resp. model accountability) pertaining to images (resp. toxic images) and models (resp. poisoned models) generated. In this paper, we propose an evaluation framework to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of the copyright protection measures for GANs, evaluate their performance across a diverse range of GAN architectures, and identify the factors that…
Software watermarking involves embedding a unique identifier or, equivalently, a watermark value within a software to prove owner's authenticity and thus to prevent or discourage copyright infringement. Towards the embedding process, several graph theoretic watermarking algorithmic techniques encode the watermark values as graph structures and embed them in application programs. Recently, we presented an efficient codec system for encoding a watermark number $w$ as a reducible permutation graph $F[π^*]$ through the use of self-inverting permutations $π^*$. In this paper, we propose a dynamic w…
Nowadays, three-dimensional meshes have been extensively used in several applications such as, industrial, medical, computer-aided design (CAD) and entertainment due to the processing capability improvement of computers and the development of the network infrastructure. Unfortunately, like digital images and videos, 3-D meshes can be easily modified, duplicated and redistributed by unauthorized users. Digital watermarking came up while trying to solve this problem. In this paper, we propose a blind robust watermarking scheme for three-dimensional semiregular meshes for Copyright protection. Th…
The rapid development of multimedia and internet allows for wide distribution of digital media data. It becomes much easier to edit, modify and duplicate digital information besides that, digital documents are also easy to copy and distribute, therefore it will be faced by many threats. It is a big security and privacy issue. Another problem with digital document and video is that undetectable modifications can be made with very simple and widely available equipment, which put the digital material for evidential purposes under question With the large flood of information and the development of…
In this paper, an efficiently DWT-based watermarking technique is proposed to embed signatures in images to attest the owner identification and discourage the unauthorized copying. This paper deals with a fuzzy inference filter to choose the larger entropy of coefficients to embed watermarks. Unlike most previous watermarking frameworks which embedded watermarks in the larger coefficients of inner coarser subbands, the proposed technique is based on utilizing a context model and fuzzy inference filter by embedding watermarks in the larger-entropy coefficients of coarser DWT subbands. The propo…
Recently, a significant amount of interest has been developed in motivating physicians to use e-health technology (especially Electronic Medical Records (EMR) systems). An important utility of such EMR systems is: a next generation of Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) will extract knowledge from these electronic medical records to enable physicians to do accurate and effective diagnosis. It is anticipated that in future such medical records will be shared through cloud among different physicians to improve the quality of health care. Therefore, right protection of medical records is imp…
Digital information revolution has brought about many advantages and new issues. The protection of ownership and the prevention of unauthorized manipulation of digital audio, image, and video materials has become an important concern due to the ease of editing and perfect reproduction. Watermarking is identified as a major means to achieve copyright protection. It is a branch of information hiding which is used to hide proprietary information in digital media like photographs, digital music, digital video etc. In this paper, a new image watermarking algorithm that is robust against various att…
This paper analyzes a revised fragile watermarking scheme proposed by Botta et al. which was developed as a revision of the watermarking scheme previously proposed by Rawat et al. A new attack is presented that allows an attacker to apply a valid watermark on tampered images, therefore circumventing the protection that the watermarking scheme under study was supposed to offer. Furthermore, the presented attack has very low computational and memory requirements.
The availability of bandwidth for internet access is sufficient enough to communicate digital assets. These digital assets are subjected to various types of threats. [19] As a result of this, protection mechanism required for the protection of digital assets is of priority in research. The threat of current focus is unauthorized copying of digital assets which give boost to piracy. This under the copyright act is illegal and a robust mechanism is required to curb this kind of unauthorized copy. To safeguard the copyright digital assets, a robust digital watermarking technique is needed. The ex…
Digital Watermarking is used for copyright protection and authentication. In the proposed system, a Dual Watermarking Scheme based on DWT SVD with chaos encryption algorithm, will be developed to improve the robustness and protection along with security. DWT and SVD have been used as a mathematical tool to embed watermark in the image. Two watermarks are embedded in the host image. The secondary is embedded into primary watermark and the resultant watermarked image is encrypted using chaos based logistic map. This provides an efficient and secure way for image encryption and transmission. The …
Machine learning (ML) models are applied in an increasing variety of domains. The availability of large amounts of data and computational resources encourages the development of ever more complex and valuable models. These models are considered intellectual property of the legitimate parties who have trained them, which makes their protection against stealing, illegitimate redistribution, and unauthorized application an urgent need. Digital watermarking presents a strong mechanism for marking model ownership and, thereby, offers protection against those threats. This work presents a taxonomy i…
With the explosive growth of internet technology, easy transfer of digital multimedia is feasible. However, this kind of convenience with which authorized users can access information, turns out to be a mixed blessing due to information piracy. The emerging field of Digital Rights Management (DRM) systems addresses issues related to the intellectual property rights of digital content. In this paper, an object-oriented (OO) DRM system, called "Imaging System with Watermarking and Attack Resilience" (ISWAR), is presented that generates and authenticates color images with embedded mechanisms for …
Watermarking has become a plausible candidate for ownership verification and intellectual property protection of deep neural networks. Regarding image classification neural networks, current watermarking schemes uniformly resort to backdoor triggers. However, injecting a backdoor into a neural network requires knowledge of the training dataset, which is usually unavailable in the real-world commercialization. Meanwhile, established watermarking schemes oversight the potential damage of exposed evidence during ownership verification and the watermarking algorithms themselves. Those concerns dec…
Digital images can be copied without authorization and have to be protected. Two schemes for watermarking images in PDF document were considered. Both schemes include a converter to extract images from PDF pages and return the protected images back. Frequency and spatial domain embedding were used for hiding a message presented by a binary pattern. We considered visible and invisible watermarking and found that spatial domain LSB technique can be more preferable than frequency embedding using DWT.
The Internet as a whole does not use secure links, thus information in transit may be vulnerable to interruption as well. The important of reducing a chance of the information being detected during the transmission is being an issue in the real world now days. The Digital watermarking method provides for the quick and inexpensive distribution of digital information over the Internet. This method provides new ways of ensuring the sufficient protection of copyright holders in the intellectual property dispersion process. The property of digital watermarking images allows insertion of additional …
In unsecured network environments, ownership protection of digital contents, such as images, is becoming a growing concern. Different watermarking methods have been proposed to address the copyright protection of digital materials. Watermarking methods are challenged with conflicting parameters of imperceptibility and robustness. While embedding a watermark with a high strength factor increases robustness, it also decreases imperceptibility of the watermark. Thus embedding in visually less sensitive regions, i.e., complex image blocks could satisfy both requirements. This paper presents a new …
Digital image watermarking has been widely used in different applications such as copyright protection of digital media, such as audio, image, and video files. Two opposing criteria of robustness and transparency are the goals of watermarking methods. In this paper, we propose a framework for determining the appropriate embedding strength factor. The framework can use most DWT and DCT based blind watermarking approaches. We use Mask R-CNN on the COCO dataset to find a good strength factor for each sub-block. Experiments show that this method is robust against different attacks and has good tra…
The frequent exchange of multimedia information in the present era projects an increasing demand for copyright protection. In this work, we propose a novel audio zero-watermarking technology based on graph Fourier transform for enhancing the robustness with respect to copyright protection. In this approach, the combined shift operator is used to construct the graph signal, upon which the graph Fourier analysis is performed. The selected maximum absolute graph Fourier coefficients representing the characteristics of the audio segment are then encoded into a feature binary sequence using K-means…
There has been a remarkable increase in the data exchange over web and the widespread use of digital media. As a result, multimedia data transfers also had a boost up. The mounting interest with reference to digital watermarking throughout the last decade is certainly due to the increase in the need of copyright protection of digital content. This is also enhanced due to commercial prospective. Applications of video watermarking in copy control, broadcast monitoring, fingerprinting, video authentication, copyright protection etc is immensely rising. The main aspects of information hiding are c…
Videos can be easily tampered, copied and redistributed by attackers for illegal and monetary usage. Such behaviors severely jeopardize the interest of content owners. Despite huge efforts made in digital video watermarking for copyright protection, typical distortions in video transmission including signal attacks, geometric attacks and temporal synchronization attacks can still easily erase the embedded signal. Among them, temporal synchronization attacks which include frame dropping, frame insertion and frame rate conversion is one of the most prevalent attacks. To address this issue, we pr…
The recent advent in the field of multimedia proposed a many facilities in transport, transmission and manipulation of data. Along with this advancement of facilities there are larger threats in authentication of data, its licensed use and protection against illegal use of data. A lot of digital image watermarking techniques have been designed and implemented to stop the illegal use of the digital multimedia images. This paper compares the robustness of three different watermarking schemes against brightness and rotation attacks. The robustness of the watermarked images has been verified on th…
School of Computer Science and Technology, Nantong University（南通大学计算机科学与技术学院）；School of Technology, Environments and Design, University of Tasmania（塔斯马尼亚大学技术、环境与设计学院）
Technologies of the Internet of Things (IoT) facilitate digital contents such as images being acquired in a massive way. However, consideration from the privacy or legislation perspective still demands the need for intellectual content protection. In this paper, we propose a general deep neural network (DNN) based watermarking method to fulfill this goal. Instead of training a neural network for protecting a specific image, we train on an image set and use the trained model to protect a distinct test image set in a bulk manner. Respective evaluations both from the subjective and objective aspe…
Development of digital content has increased the necessity of copyright protection by means of watermarking. Imperceptibility and robustness are two important features of watermarking algorithms. The goal of watermarking methods is to satisfy the tradeoff between these two contradicting characteristics. Recently watermarking methods in transform domains have displayed favorable results. In this paper, we present an adaptive blind watermarking method which has high transparency in areas that are important to human visual system. We propose a fuzzy system for adaptive control of the embedding st…
Due to the wide distribution and usage of digital media, an important issue is protection of the digital content. There is a number of algorithms and techniques developed for the digital watermarking.In this paper, the invisible image watermark procedure is considered. Watermark is created as a pseudo random sequence, embedded in the certain region of the image, obtained using Haar wavelet decomposition. Generally, the watermarking procedure should be robust to the various attacks-filtering, noise etc. Here we assume the Compressive sensing scenario as a new signal processing technique that ma…
Blind watermarking provides powerful evidence for copyright protection, image authentication, and tampering identification. However, it remains a challenge to design a watermarking model with high imperceptibility and robustness against strong noise attacks. To resolve this issue, we present a framework Combining the Invertible and Non-invertible (CIN) mechanisms. The CIN is composed of the invertible part to achieve high imperceptibility and the non-invertible part to strengthen the robustness against strong noise attacks. For the invertible part, we develop a diffusion and extraction module …
Isfahan University of Technology（伊斯法罕理工大学）；Seattle University（西雅图大学）；McMaster University（麦克马斯特大学）
Digital contents have grown dramatically in recent years, leading to increased attention to copyright. Image watermarking has been considered one of the most popular methods for copyright protection. With the recent advancements in applying deep neural networks in image processing, these networks have also been used in image watermarking. Robustness and imperceptibility are two challenging features of watermarking methods that the trade-off between them should be satisfied. In this paper, we propose to use an end-to-end network for watermarking. We use a convolutional neural network (CNN) to c…
Nowadays, with the development of public network usage, medical information is transmitted throughout the hospitals. The watermarking system can help for the confidentiality of medical information distributed over the internet. In medical images, regions-of-interest (ROI) contain diagnostic information. The watermark should be embedded only into non-regions-of-interest (NROI) to keep diagnostic information without distortion. Recently, ROI based watermarking has attracted the attention of the medical research community. The ROI map can be used as an embedding key for improving confidentiality …
