Blind watermarking provides powerful evidence for copyright protection, image authentication, and tampering identification. However, it remains a challenge to design a watermarking model with high imperceptibility and robustness against strong noise attacks. To resolve this issue, we present a framework Combining the Invertible and Non-invertible (CIN) mechanisms. The CIN is composed of the invertible part to achieve high imperceptibility and the non-invertible part to strengthen the robustness against strong noise attacks. For the invertible part, we develop a diffusion and extraction module (DEM) and a fusion and split module (FSM) to embed and extract watermarks symmetrically in an invertible way. For the non-invertible part, we introduce a non-invertible attention-based module (NIAM) and the noise-specific selection module (NSM) to solve the asymmetric extraction under a strong noise attack. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our framework outperforms the current state-of-the-art methods of imperceptibility and robustness significantly. Our framework can achieve an average of 99.99% accuracy and 67.66 dB PSNR under noise-free conditions, while 96.64% and 39.28 dB combined strong noise attacks. The code will be available in https://github.com/rmpku/CIN.
Chittagong University of Engineering and Technology（吉大港工程与技术大学）；University of Malaya（马来亚大学）；American International University-Bangladesh（美国国际大学-孟加拉）
Digital watermarking is the process to hide digital pattern directly into a digital content. Digital watermarking techniques are used to address digital rights management, protect information and conceal secrets. An invisible non-blind watermarking approach for gray scale images is proposed in this paper. The host image is decomposed into 3-levels using Discrete Wavelet Transform. Based on the parent-child relationship between the wavelet coefficients the Set Partitioning in Hierarchical Trees (SPIHT) compression algorithm is performed on the LH3, LH2, HL3 and HL2 subbands to find out the sign…
This paper gives a new scheme of watermarking technique related to insert the mark by adding edge in HH sub-band of the host image after wavelet decomposition. Contrary to most of the watermarking algorithms in wavelet domain, our method is blind and results show that it is robust against the JPEG and GIF compression, histogram and spectrum spreading, noise adding and small rotation. Its robustness against compression is better than others watermarking algorithms reported in the literature. The algorithm is flexible because its capacity or robustness can be improved by modifying some parameter…
This paper introduces a blind watermarking based on a convolutional neural network (CNN). We propose an iterative learning framework to secure robustness of watermarking. One loop of learning process consists of the following three stages: Watermark embedding, attack simulation, and weight update. We have learned a network that can detect a 1-bit message from a image sub-block. Experimental results show that this learned network is an extension of the frequency domain that is widely used in existing watermarking scheme. The proposed scheme achieved robustness against geometric and signal proce…
To hide a binary pattern in the palette image a steganographic scheme with blind detection is considered. The embedding algorithm uses the Lehmer code by palette color permutations for which the cover image palette is generally required. The found transformation between the palette and RGB images allows to extract the hidden data without any cover work.
A semi-blind watermarking scheme is presented based on Singular Value Decomposition (SVD), which makes essential use of the fact that, the SVD subspace preserves significant amount of information of an image and is a one way decomposition. The principal components are used, along with the corresponding singular vectors of the watermark image to watermark the target image. For further security, the semi-blind scheme is extended to an invisible hash based watermarking scheme. The hash based scheme commits a watermark with a key such that, it is incoherent with the actual watermark, and can only …
Development of digital content has increased the necessity of copyright protection by means of watermarking. Imperceptibility and robustness are two important features of watermarking algorithms. The goal of watermarking methods is to satisfy the tradeoff between these two contradicting characteristics. Recently watermarking methods in transform domains have displayed favorable results. In this paper, we present an adaptive blind watermarking method which has high transparency in areas that are important to human visual system. We propose a fuzzy system for adaptive control of the embedding st…
Nowadays, with the development of public network usage, medical information is transmitted throughout the hospitals. The watermarking system can help for the confidentiality of medical information distributed over the internet. In medical images, regions-of-interest (ROI) contain diagnostic information. The watermark should be embedded only into non-regions-of-interest (NROI) to keep diagnostic information without distortion. Recently, ROI based watermarking has attracted the attention of the medical research community. The ROI map can be used as an embedding key for improving confidentiality …
Nowadays, three-dimensional meshes have been extensively used in several applications such as, industrial, medical, computer-aided design (CAD) and entertainment due to the processing capability improvement of computers and the development of the network infrastructure. Unfortunately, like digital images and videos, 3-D meshes can be easily modified, duplicated and redistributed by unauthorized users. Digital watermarking came up while trying to solve this problem. In this paper, we propose a blind robust watermarking scheme for three-dimensional semiregular meshes for Copyright protection. Th…
In this paper, a robust and blind watermarking method is proposed, which is highly resistant to the common image watermarking attacks, such as noises, compression, and image quality enhancement processing. In this method, Arnold Cat map is used as a pre-processing on the host image, which increases the security and imperceptibility of embedding watermark bits with a strong gain factor. Moreover, two pseudo-noise strings with weak correlation are used as the symbol of each 0 or 1 bit of the watermark, which increases the accuracy in detecting the state of watermark bits at extraction phase in c…
Insertion of a text message, audio data or/and an image into another image or 3D model is called as a watermarking process. Watermarking has variety of applications like: Copyright Protection, Owner Identification, Copy Protection and Data Hiding etc., depending upon the type of watermark insertion algorithm. Watermark remains in the content after applying various attacks without any distortions. The blind watermarking method used in the system is based on a wavelet transform, a fuzzy inference system and a multi-resolution representation (MRR) of the 3d model. The watermark scrambled by Arnol…
This paper investigates a secure blind watermarking scheme. The main idea of the scheme not only protects the watermark information but also the embedding positions. To achieve a higher level of security, we propose a sub key generation mechanism based on the singular value decomposition and hash function, where sub keys depend on both the main key and the feature codes of the original image. The different sub keys ensure that the embedding positions are randomly selected for different original images. Watermark is embedded in the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT) coefficients of the scrambled o…
Multimedia security has been the aim point of considerable research activity because of its wide application area. The major technology to achieve copyright protection, content authentication, access control and multimedia security is watermarking which is the process of embedding data into a multimedia element such as image or audio, this embedded data can later be extracted from, or detected in the embedded element for different purposes. In this work, a blind watermarking algorithm based on SVD and circulant matrices has been presented. Every circulant matrix is associated with a matrix for…
Due to the recent demand of 3-D models in several applications like medical imaging, video games, among others, the necessity of implementing 3-D mesh watermarking schemes aiming to protect copyright has increased considerably. The majority of robust 3-D watermarking techniques have essentially focused on the robustness against attacks while the imperceptibility of these techniques is still a real issue. In this context, a blind robust 3-D mesh watermarking method based on mesh saliency and Quantization Index Modulation (QIM) for Copyright protection is proposed. The watermark is embedded by q…
Ferdowsi University of Mashhad（马什哈德费尔多西大学）；Computer Engineering Department（计算机工程系）；Computer Engineering Department, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad（马什哈德费尔多西大学计算机工程系）
In this paper, an efficient fragile blind quad watermarking scheme for image tamper detection and recovery based on lifting wavelet transform and genetic algorithm is proposed. TRLG generates four compact digests with super quality based on lifting wavelet transform and halftoning technique by distinguishing the types of image blocks. In other words, for each 2*2 non-overlap blocks, four chances for recovering destroyed blocks are considered. A special parameter estimation technique based on genetic algorithm is performed to improve and optimize the quality of digests and watermarked image. Fu…
In this paper, a robust blind image watermarking method is proposed for copyright protection of digital images. This hybrid method relies on combining two well-known transforms that are the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and the discrete cosine transform (DCT). The motivation behind this combination is to enhance the imperceptibility and the robustness. The imperceptibility requirement is achieved by using magnitudes of DFT coefficients while the robustness improvement is ensured by applying DCT to the DFT coefficients magnitude. The watermark is embedded by modifying the coefficients of the…
In this paper, a quantization based watermark casting and blind watermark retrieval algorithm operating in YCbCr color space using discrete wavelet transform (DWT), for ownership verification and image authentication applications is implemented. This method uses implicit visual masking by inserting watermark bits into only the wavelet coefficients of high magnitude, in Y channel of YCbCr color space. A blind watermark retrieval technique that can detect the embedded watermark without the help from the original uncorrupted image is devised which is computationally efficient. The new watermarkin…
Videos can be easily tampered, copied and redistributed by attackers for illegal and monetary usage. Such behaviors severely jeopardize the interest of content owners. Despite huge efforts made in digital video watermarking for copyright protection, typical distortions in video transmission including signal attacks, geometric attacks and temporal synchronization attacks can still easily erase the embedded signal. Among them, temporal synchronization attacks which include frame dropping, frame insertion and frame rate conversion is one of the most prevalent attacks. To address this issue, we pr…
Digital watermarking technology has a wide range of applications in video distribution and copyright protection due to its excellent invisibility and convenient traceability. This paper proposes a robust blind watermarking algorithm using adaptive region selection and channel reference. By designing a combinatorial selection algorithm using texture information and feature points, the method realizes automatically selecting stable blocks which can avoid being destroyed during video encoding and complex attacks. In addition, considering human's insensitivity to some specific color components, a …
We propose a blind watermarking scheme for 3-D meshes which combines sparse quantization index modulation (QIM) with deletion correction codes. The QIM operates on the vertices in rough concave regions of the surface thus ensuring impeccability, while the deletion correction code recovers the data hidden in the vertices which is removed by mesh optimization and/or simplification. The proposed scheme offers two orders of magnitude better performance in terms of recovered watermark bit error rate compared to the existing schemes of similar payloads and fidelity constraints.
In this paper a blind, Secure, imperceptible and robust watermarking algorithm based on wavelet transform domain is proposed in which for more security, the watermark W is converted to a sequence and then a random binary sequence R of size n is adopted to encrypt the watermark, where n is the size of the watermark image. Afterwards, the encrypted watermark sequence W1 is generated by executing exclusive-OR operation on W and R. This generated watermark embeds into low frequency selected coefficients of Y channel wavelet decomposition of JPEG-YCbCr using LSB insertion technique. The experimenta…
Isfahan University of Technology（伊斯法罕理工大学）；University of Michigan（密歇根大学）；University of Queensland（昆士兰大学）
Due to the rapid growth of machine learning tools and specifically deep networks in various computer vision and image processing areas, application of Convolutional Neural Networks for watermarking have recently emerged. In this paper, we propose a deep end-to-end diffusion watermarking framework (ReDMark) which can be adapted for any desired transform space. The framework is composed of two Fully Convolutional Neural Networks with the residual structure for embedding and extraction. The whole deep network is trained end-to-end to conduct a blind secure watermarking. The framework is customiza…
