The rapid development of multimedia and internet allows for wide distribution of digital media data. It becomes much easier to edit, modify and duplicate digital information besides that, digital documents are also easy to copy and distribute, therefore it will be faced by many threats. It is a big security and privacy issue. Another problem with digital document and video is that undetectable modifications can be made with very simple and widely available equipment, which put the digital material for evidential purposes under question With the large flood of information and the development of the digital format, it become necessary to find appropriate protection because of the significance, accuracy and sensitivity of the information, therefore multimedia technology and popularity of internet communications they have great interest in using digital watermarks for the purpose of copy protection and content authentication. Digital watermarking is a technique used to embed a known piece of digital data within another piece of digital data .A digital data may represent a digital signature or digital watermark that is embedded in the host media. The signature or watermark is hidden such that it's perceptually and statistically undetectable. Then this signature or watermark can be extracted from the host media and used to identify the owner of the media.
In the field of information technology, information security technologies hold a special place. They ensure the security of the use of information technology. One of the urgent tasks is the protection of electronic documents during their transfer in information systems. This paper proposes a technology for protecting electronic documents containing digital images. The main idea is that the electronic document authorship protection can be implemented by digital watermark embedding in the images that are contained in this document. The paper considers three cases of using the proposed technology…
Due to the recent demand of 3-D models in several applications like medical imaging, video games, among others, the necessity of implementing 3-D mesh watermarking schemes aiming to protect copyright has increased considerably. The majority of robust 3-D watermarking techniques have essentially focused on the robustness against attacks while the imperceptibility of these techniques is still a real issue. In this context, a blind robust 3-D mesh watermarking method based on mesh saliency and Quantization Index Modulation (QIM) for Copyright protection is proposed. The watermark is embedded by q…
Software watermarking involves embedding a unique identifier or, equivalently, a watermark value within a software to prove owner's authenticity and thus to prevent or discourage copyright infringement. Towards the embedding process, several graph theoretic watermarking algorithmic techniques encode the watermark values as graph structures and embed them in application programs. Recently, we presented an efficient codec system for encoding a watermark number $w$ as a reducible permutation graph $F[π^*]$ through the use of self-inverting permutations $π^*$. In this paper, we propose a dynamic w…
University of New South Wales（新南威尔士大学）；The Australian National University（澳大利亚国立大学）；CSIRO’s Data61（澳大利亚联邦科学与工业研究组织Data61研究所）
Generative AI (e.g., Generative Adversarial Networks - GANs) has become increasingly popular in recent years. However, Generative AI introduces significant concerns regarding the protection of Intellectual Property Rights (IPR) (resp. model accountability) pertaining to images (resp. toxic images) and models (resp. poisoned models) generated. In this paper, we propose an evaluation framework to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of the copyright protection measures for GANs, evaluate their performance across a diverse range of GAN architectures, and identify the factors that…
Recently, a significant amount of interest has been developed in motivating physicians to use e-health technology (especially Electronic Medical Records (EMR) systems). An important utility of such EMR systems is: a next generation of Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS) will extract knowledge from these electronic medical records to enable physicians to do accurate and effective diagnosis. It is anticipated that in future such medical records will be shared through cloud among different physicians to improve the quality of health care. Therefore, right protection of medical records is imp…
Digital information revolution has brought about many advantages and new issues. The protection of ownership and the prevention of unauthorized manipulation of digital audio, image, and video materials has become an important concern due to the ease of editing and perfect reproduction. Watermarking is identified as a major means to achieve copyright protection. It is a branch of information hiding which is used to hide proprietary information in digital media like photographs, digital music, digital video etc. In this paper, a new image watermarking algorithm that is robust against various att…
Nowadays, three-dimensional meshes have been extensively used in several applications such as, industrial, medical, computer-aided design (CAD) and entertainment due to the processing capability improvement of computers and the development of the network infrastructure. Unfortunately, like digital images and videos, 3-D meshes can be easily modified, duplicated and redistributed by unauthorized users. Digital watermarking came up while trying to solve this problem. In this paper, we propose a blind robust watermarking scheme for three-dimensional semiregular meshes for Copyright protection. Th…
The availability of bandwidth for internet access is sufficient enough to communicate digital assets. These digital assets are subjected to various types of threats. [19] As a result of this, protection mechanism required for the protection of digital assets is of priority in research. The threat of current focus is unauthorized copying of digital assets which give boost to piracy. This under the copyright act is illegal and a robust mechanism is required to curb this kind of unauthorized copy. To safeguard the copyright digital assets, a robust digital watermarking technique is needed. The ex…
Digital Watermarking is used for copyright protection and authentication. In the proposed system, a Dual Watermarking Scheme based on DWT SVD with chaos encryption algorithm, will be developed to improve the robustness and protection along with security. DWT and SVD have been used as a mathematical tool to embed watermark in the image. Two watermarks are embedded in the host image. The secondary is embedded into primary watermark and the resultant watermarked image is encrypted using chaos based logistic map. This provides an efficient and secure way for image encryption and transmission. The …
In this paper, an efficiently DWT-based watermarking technique is proposed to embed signatures in images to attest the owner identification and discourage the unauthorized copying. This paper deals with a fuzzy inference filter to choose the larger entropy of coefficients to embed watermarks. Unlike most previous watermarking frameworks which embedded watermarks in the larger coefficients of inner coarser subbands, the proposed technique is based on utilizing a context model and fuzzy inference filter by embedding watermarks in the larger-entropy coefficients of coarser DWT subbands. The propo…
Digital watermarking technique has been presented and widely researched to solve some important issues in the digital world, such as copyright protection, copy protection and content authentication. Several robust watermarking schemes based on vector quantization (VQ) have been presented. In this paper, we present a new digital image watermarking method based on SOFM vector quantizer for color images. This method utilizes the codebook partition technique in which the watermark bit is embedded into the selected VQ encoded block. The main feature of this scheme is that the watermark exists both …
Machine learning (ML) models are applied in an increasing variety of domains. The availability of large amounts of data and computational resources encourages the development of ever more complex and valuable models. These models are considered intellectual property of the legitimate parties who have trained them, which makes their protection against stealing, illegitimate redistribution, and unauthorized application an urgent need. Digital watermarking presents a strong mechanism for marking model ownership and, thereby, offers protection against those threats. This work presents a taxonomy i…
Problems with securing IP Telephony systems, insufficient standardization and lack of security mechanisms emerged the need for new approaches and solutions. In this paper a new, alternative security architecture for voice-systems is presented. It is based on digital watermarking: a new, flexible and powerful technology that is increasingly gaining more and more attention. Besides known applications e.g. to solve copyright protection problems, we propose to use digital watermarking to secure not only transmitted audio but also signaling protocol that IP Telephony is based on.
With the explosive growth of internet technology, easy transfer of digital multimedia is feasible. However, this kind of convenience with which authorized users can access information, turns out to be a mixed blessing due to information piracy. The emerging field of Digital Rights Management (DRM) systems addresses issues related to the intellectual property rights of digital content. In this paper, an object-oriented (OO) DRM system, called "Imaging System with Watermarking and Attack Resilience" (ISWAR), is presented that generates and authenticates color images with embedded mechanisms for …
Digital images can be copied without authorization and have to be protected. Two schemes for watermarking images in PDF document were considered. Both schemes include a converter to extract images from PDF pages and return the protected images back. Frequency and spatial domain embedding were used for hiding a message presented by a binary pattern. We considered visible and invisible watermarking and found that spatial domain LSB technique can be more preferable than frequency embedding using DWT.
The Internet as a whole does not use secure links, thus information in transit may be vulnerable to interruption as well. The important of reducing a chance of the information being detected during the transmission is being an issue in the real world now days. The Digital watermarking method provides for the quick and inexpensive distribution of digital information over the Internet. This method provides new ways of ensuring the sufficient protection of copyright holders in the intellectual property dispersion process. The property of digital watermarking images allows insertion of additional …
Digital media is the need of a people now a day as the alternate of paper media.As the technology grown up digital media required protection while transferring through internet or others mediums.Watermarking techniques have been developed to fulfill this requirement.This paper aims to provide a detailed survey of all watermarking techniques specially focuses on image watermarking types and its applications in today world.
In unsecured network environments, ownership protection of digital contents, such as images, is becoming a growing concern. Different watermarking methods have been proposed to address the copyright protection of digital materials. Watermarking methods are challenged with conflicting parameters of imperceptibility and robustness. While embedding a watermark with a high strength factor increases robustness, it also decreases imperceptibility of the watermark. Thus embedding in visually less sensitive regions, i.e., complex image blocks could satisfy both requirements. This paper presents a new …
C. U. Shah University（C. U. Shah 大学）；Atmiya Institute of Technology & Science（Atmiya 科技学院）
The robustness and security of the biometric watermarking approach can be improved by using a multiple watermarking. This multiple watermarking proposed for improving security of biometric features and data. When the imposter tries to create the spoofed biometric feature, the invisible biometric watermark features can provide appropriate protection to multimedia data. In this paper, a biometric watermarking technique with multiple biometric watermarks are proposed in which biometric features of fingerprint, face, iris and signature is embedded in the image. Before embedding, fingerprint, iris,…
The recent advent in the field of multimedia proposed a many facilities in transport, transmission and manipulation of data. Along with this advancement of facilities there are larger threats in authentication of data, its licensed use and protection against illegal use of data. A lot of digital image watermarking techniques have been designed and implemented to stop the illegal use of the digital multimedia images. This paper compares the robustness of three different watermarking schemes against brightness and rotation attacks. The robustness of the watermarked images has been verified on th…
Although the protection of ownership and the prevention of unauthorized manipulation of digital images becomes an important concern, there is also a big issue of image source origin authentication. This paper proposes a procedure for the identification of the image source and content by using the Public Key Cryptography Signature (PKCS). The procedure is based on the PKCS watermarking of the images captured with numerous automatic observing cameras in the Trap View cloud system. Watermark is created based on 32-bit PKCS serial number and embedded into the captured image. Watermark detection on…
Internet is one of the most valuable resources for information communication and retrievals. Most multimedia signals today are in digital formats. The digital data can be duplicated and edited with great ease which has led to a need for data integrity and protection of digital data. The security requirements such as integrity or data authentication can be met by implementing security measures using digital watermarking techniques. In this paper a blind speech watermarking algorithm that embeds the watermark signal data in the musical (sequence) host signal by using frequency masking is used. A…
There has been a remarkable increase in the data exchange over web and the widespread use of digital media. As a result, multimedia data transfers also had a boost up. The mounting interest with reference to digital watermarking throughout the last decade is certainly due to the increase in the need of copyright protection of digital content. This is also enhanced due to commercial prospective. Applications of video watermarking in copy control, broadcast monitoring, fingerprinting, video authentication, copyright protection etc is immensely rising. The main aspects of information hiding are c…
Centre Inria de l’Université de Rennes（雷恩大学法国国家信息与自动化研究所中心）
It is crucial to protect the intellectual property rights of DNN models prior to their deployment. The DNN should perform two main tasks: its primary task and watermarking task. This paper proposes a lightweight, reliable, and secure DNN watermarking that attempts to establish strong ties between these two tasks. The samples triggering the watermarking task are generated using image Mixup either from training or testing samples. This means that there is an infinity of triggers not limited to the samples used to embed the watermark in the model at training. The extensive experiments on image cl…
An adaptive visible/invisible watermarking scheme is done to prevent the privacy and preserving copyright protection of digital data using Hadamard transform based on the scaling factor of the image. The value of scaling factor depends on the control parameter. The scaling factor is calculated to embedded the watermark. Depend upon the control parameter the visible and invisible watermarking is determined. The proposed Hadamard transform domain method is more robust again image/signal processing attacks. Furthermore, it also shows that the proposed method confirm the efficiency through various…
The frequent exchange of multimedia information in the present era projects an increasing demand for copyright protection. In this work, we propose a novel audio zero-watermarking technology based on graph Fourier transform for enhancing the robustness with respect to copyright protection. In this approach, the combined shift operator is used to construct the graph signal, upon which the graph Fourier analysis is performed. The selected maximum absolute graph Fourier coefficients representing the characteristics of the audio segment are then encoded into a feature binary sequence using K-means…
Multimedia security has been the aim point of considerable research activity because of its wide application area. The major technology to achieve copyright protection, content authentication, access control and multimedia security is watermarking which is the process of embedding data into a multimedia element such as image or audio, this embedded data can later be extracted from, or detected in the embedded element for different purposes. In this work, a blind watermarking algorithm based on SVD and circulant matrices has been presented. Every circulant matrix is associated with a matrix for…
Digital multimedia watermarking technology had suggested in the last decade to embed copyright information in digital objects such as images, audio and video. However, the increasing use of relational database systems in many real-life applications created an ever-increasing need for watermarking database systems. As a result, watermarking relational database system is now emerging as a research area that deals with the legal issue of copyright protection of database systems. The main goal of database watermarking is to generate robust and impersistent watermark for database. In this paper we …
Insertion of a text message, audio data or/and an image into another image or 3D model is called as a watermarking process. Watermarking has variety of applications like: Copyright Protection, Owner Identification, Copy Protection and Data Hiding etc., depending upon the type of watermark insertion algorithm. Watermark remains in the content after applying various attacks without any distortions. The blind watermarking method used in the system is based on a wavelet transform, a fuzzy inference system and a multi-resolution representation (MRR) of the 3d model. The watermark scrambled by Arnol…
Digital multimedia watermarking technology was suggested in the last decade to embed copyright information in digital objects such images, audio and video. However, the increasing use of relational database systems in many real-life applications created an ever increasing need for watermarking database systems. As a result, watermarking relational database systems is now merging as a research area that deals with the legal issue of copyright protection of database systems. Approach: In this study, we proposed an efficient database watermarking algorithm based on inserting binary image watermar…
Copyright protection has become a need in today's world. To achieve a secure copyright protection we embedded some information in images and videos and that image or video is called copyright protected. The embedded information can't be detected by human eye but some attacks and operations can tamper that information to breach protection. So in order to find a secure technique of copyright protection, we have analyzed image processing techniques i.e. Spatial Domain (Least Significant Bit (LSB)), Transform Domain (Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT)), Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) and there are …
In this paper, a robust blind image watermarking method is proposed for copyright protection of digital images. This hybrid method relies on combining two well-known transforms that are the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and the discrete cosine transform (DCT). The motivation behind this combination is to enhance the imperceptibility and the robustness. The imperceptibility requirement is achieved by using magnitudes of DFT coefficients while the robustness improvement is ensured by applying DCT to the DFT coefficients magnitude. The watermark is embedded by modifying the coefficients of the…
Watermarking has become a plausible candidate for ownership verification and intellectual property protection of deep neural networks. Regarding image classification neural networks, current watermarking schemes uniformly resort to backdoor triggers. However, injecting a backdoor into a neural network requires knowledge of the training dataset, which is usually unavailable in the real-world commercialization. Meanwhile, established watermarking schemes oversight the potential damage of exposed evidence during ownership verification and the watermarking algorithms themselves. Those concerns dec…
Development of digital content has increased the necessity of copyright protection by means of watermarking. Imperceptibility and robustness are two important features of watermarking algorithms. The goal of watermarking methods is to satisfy the tradeoff between these two contradicting characteristics. Recently watermarking methods in transform domains have displayed favorable results. In this paper, we present an adaptive blind watermarking method which has high transparency in areas that are important to human visual system. We propose a fuzzy system for adaptive control of the embedding st…
School of Computer Science and Technology, Nantong University（南通大学计算机科学与技术学院）；School of Technology, Environments and Design, University of Tasmania（塔斯马尼亚大学技术、环境与设计学院）
Technologies of the Internet of Things (IoT) facilitate digital contents such as images being acquired in a massive way. However, consideration from the privacy or legislation perspective still demands the need for intellectual content protection. In this paper, we propose a general deep neural network (DNN) based watermarking method to fulfill this goal. Instead of training a neural network for protecting a specific image, we train on an image set and use the trained model to protect a distinct test image set in a bulk manner. Respective evaluations both from the subjective and objective aspe…
Digital watermarking is extensively used in ownership authentication and copyright protection. In this paper, we propose an efficient thresholding scheme to improve the watermark embedding procedure in an image. For the proposed algorithm, watermark casting is performed separately in each block of an image, and embedding in each block continues until a certain structural similarity threshold is reached. Numerical evaluations demonstrate that our scheme improves the imperceptibility of the watermark when the capacity remains fix, and at the same time, robustness against attacks is assured. The …
Digital image watermarking has been widely used in different applications such as copyright protection of digital media, such as audio, image, and video files. Two opposing criteria of robustness and transparency are the goals of watermarking methods. In this paper, we propose a framework for determining the appropriate embedding strength factor. The framework can use most DWT and DCT based blind watermarking approaches. We use Mask R-CNN on the COCO dataset to find a good strength factor for each sub-block. Experiments show that this method is robust against different attacks and has good tra…
Due to the wide distribution and usage of digital media, an important issue is protection of the digital content. There is a number of algorithms and techniques developed for the digital watermarking.In this paper, the invisible image watermark procedure is considered. Watermark is created as a pseudo random sequence, embedded in the certain region of the image, obtained using Haar wavelet decomposition. Generally, the watermarking procedure should be robust to the various attacks-filtering, noise etc. Here we assume the Compressive sensing scenario as a new signal processing technique that ma…
In this paper, a newer version of Walsh-Hadamard Transform namely multiresolution Walsh-Hadamard Transform (MR-WHT) is proposed for images. Further, a robust watermarking scheme is proposed for copyright protection using MRWHT and singular value decomposition. The core idea of the proposed scheme is to decompose an image using MR-WHT and then middle singular values of high frequency sub-band at the coarsest and the finest level are modified with the singular values of the watermark. Finally, a reliable watermark extraction scheme is developed for the extraction of the watermark from the distor…
The advancement in digital technologies have made it possible to produce perfect copies of digital content. In this environment, malicious users reproduce the digital content and share it without compensation to the content owner. Content owners are concerned about the potential loss of revenue and reputation from piracy, especially when the content is available over the Internet. Digital watermarking has emerged as a deterrent measure towards such malicious activities. Several methods have been proposed for copyright protection and fingerprinting of digital images. However, these methods are …
The advent of the Internet led to the easy availability of digital data like images, audio, and video. Easy access to multimedia gives rise to the issues such as content authentication, security, copyright protection, and ownership identification. Here, we discuss the concept of digital image watermarking with a focus on the technique used in image watermark embedding and extraction of the watermark. The detailed classification along with the basic characteristics, namely visual imperceptibility, robustness, capacity, security of digital watermarking is also presented in this work. Further, we…
This work provides to web users copyright protection of their Portable Document Format (PDF) documents by proposing efficient and easily implementable techniques for PDF watermarking; our techniques are based on the ideas of our recently proposed watermarking techniques for software, image, and audio, expanding thus the digital objects that can be efficiently watermarked through the use of self-inverting permutations. In particular, we present various representations of a self-inverting permutation $π^*$ namely 1D-representation, 2D-representation, and RPG-representation, and show that theses …
Isfahan University of Technology（伊斯法罕理工大学）；Seattle University（西雅图大学）；McMaster University（麦克马斯特大学）
Digital contents have grown dramatically in recent years, leading to increased attention to copyright. Image watermarking has been considered one of the most popular methods for copyright protection. With the recent advancements in applying deep neural networks in image processing, these networks have also been used in image watermarking. Robustness and imperceptibility are two challenging features of watermarking methods that the trade-off between them should be satisfied. In this paper, we propose to use an end-to-end network for watermarking. We use a convolutional neural network (CNN) to c…
