Cross-modal retrieval aims to learn discriminative and modal-invariant features for data from different modalities. Unlike the existing methods which usually learn from the features extracted by offline networks, in this paper, we propose an approach to jointly train the components of cross-modal retrieval framework with metadata, and enable the network to find optimal features. The proposed end-to-end framework is updated with three loss functions: 1) a novel cross-modal center loss to eliminate cross-modal discrepancy, 2) cross-entropy loss to maximize inter-class variations, and 3) mean-square-error loss to reduce modality variations. In particular, our proposed cross-modal center loss minimizes the distances of features from objects belonging to the same class across all modalities. Extensive experiments have been conducted on the retrieval tasks across multi-modalities, including 2D image, 3D point cloud, and mesh data. The proposed framework significantly outperforms the state-of-the-art methods on the ModelNet40 dataset.
This paper focuses on the visible-thermal cross-modality person re-identification (VT Re-ID) task, whose goal is to match person images between the daytime visible modality and the nighttime thermal modality. The two-stream network is usually adopted to address the cross-modality discrepancy, the most challenging problem for VT Re-ID, by learning the multi-modality person features. In this paper, we explore how many parameters of two-stream network should share, which is still not well investigated in the existing literature. By well splitting the ResNet50 model to construct the modality-speci…
Rutgers University（罗格斯大学）；SenseBrain Research（SenseBrain研究院）；National Heart Centre Singapore（新加坡国家心脏中心）；Duke-National University Of Singapore（杜克-新加坡国立大学）
Multi-modality images have been widely used and provide comprehensive information for medical image analysis. However, acquiring all modalities among all institutes is costly and often impossible in clinical settings. To leverage more comprehensive multi-modality information, we propose a privacy secured decentralized multi-modality adaptive learning architecture named ModalityBank. Our method could learn a set of effective domain-specific modulation parameters plugged into a common domain-agnostic network. We demonstrate by switching different sets of configurations, the generator could outpu…
School of Mechanical and Electric Engineering, Guangzhou University（广州大学机械与电气工程学院）；School of Information Science and Engineering, Yunnan University（云南大学信息科学与工程学院）
Cross-modality person re-identification is a challenging problem which retrieves a given pedestrian image in RGB modality among all the gallery images in infrared modality. The task can address the limitation of RGB-based person Re-ID in dark environments. Existing researches mainly focus on enlarging inter-class differences of feature to solve the problem. However, few studies investigate improving intra-class cross-modality similarity, which is important for this issue. In this paper, we propose a novel loss function, called Hetero-Center loss (HC loss) to reduce the intra-class cross-modali…
Guizhou University（贵州大学）；Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala R&D（Vel Tech Rangarajan Dr. Sagunthala研发学院）
Recently, deep learning has been widely used in the field of vehicle re-identification. When training a deep model, softmax loss is usually used as a supervision tool. However, the softmax loss performs well for closed-set tasks, but not very well for open-set tasks. In this paper, we sum up five shortcomings of center loss and solved all of them by proposing a dual distance center loss (DDCL). Especially we solve the shortcoming that center loss must combine with the softmax loss to supervise training the model, which provides us with a new perspective to examine the center loss. In addition,…
Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications（北京邮电大学）
The deep convolutional neural network(CNN) has significantly raised the performance of image classification and face recognition. Softmax is usually used as supervision, but it only penalizes the classification loss. In this paper, we propose a novel auxiliary supervision signal called contrastivecenter loss, which can further enhance the discriminative power of the features, for it learns a class center for each class. The proposed contrastive-center loss simultaneously considers intra-class compactness and inter-class separability, by penalizing the contrastive values between: (1)the distanc…
Department of Aerospace Intelligent Science and Technology, School of Astronautics, Beihang University（航天智能科学与技术系，航天学院，北京航空航天大学）；State Key Laboratory of Virtual Reality Technology and Systems, Beihang University（虚拟现实技术与系统国家重点实验室，北京航空航天大学）；Shenyuan Honors College, Beihang University（Shen Yuan荣誉学院，北京航空航天大学）
Huazhong University of Science and Technology（华中科技大学）
Most existing 3D object recognition algorithms focus on leveraging the strong discriminative power of deep learning models with softmax loss for the classification of 3D data, while learning discriminative features with deep metric learning for 3D object retrieval is more or less neglected. In the paper, we study variants of deep metric learning losses for 3D object retrieval, which did not receive enough attention from this area. First , two kinds of representative losses, triplet loss and center loss, are introduced which could learn more discriminative features than traditional classificati…
University of Wollongong（卧龙岗大学）；Motovis Inc（魔视智能科技有限公司）；Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院）；National University of Defense Technology（国防科技大学）
A novel deep neural network training paradigm that exploits the conjoint information in multiple heterogeneous sources is proposed. Specifically, in a RGB-D based action recognition task, it cooperatively trains a single convolutional neural network (named c-ConvNet) on both RGB visual features and depth features, and deeply aggregates the two kinds of features for action recognition. Differently from the conventional ConvNet that learns the deep separable features for homogeneous modality-based classification with only one softmax loss function, the c-ConvNet enhances the discriminative power…
Beijing Jiaotong University（北京交通大学）；Institute of Information Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院信息工程研究所）；JD AI Research（京东人工智能研究院）
The RGB-infrared cross-modality person re-identification (ReID) task aims to recognize the images of the same identity between the visible modality and the infrared modality. Existing methods mainly use a two-stream architecture to eliminate the discrepancy between the two modalities in the final common feature space, which ignore the single space of each modality in the shallow layers. To solve it, in this paper, we present a novel multi-feature space joint optimization (MSO) network, which can learn modality-sharable features in both the single-modality space and the common space. Firstly, b…
Xiamen University（厦门大学）；Peng Cheng Laboratory（鹏城实验室）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；Zhengzhou University（郑州大学）；Tencent Technology (Shanghai) Co. Ltd（腾讯科技（上海）有限公司）
Visible-infrared person re-identification (VI-ReID) aims to match specific pedestrian images from different modalities. Although suffering an extra modality discrepancy, existing methods still follow the softmax loss training paradigm, which is widely used in single-modality classification tasks. The softmax loss lacks an explicit penalty for the apparent modality gap, which adversely limits the performance upper bound of the VI-ReID task. In this paper, we propose the spectral-aware softmax (SA-Softmax) loss, which can fully explore the embedding space with the modality information and has cl…
Univ Rennes（雷恩大学）；INSA Rennes（雷恩国立应用科学学院）；CNRS（法国国家科学研究中心）；Zhejiang University of Technology（浙江工业大学）
Cross-modal retrieval has drawn much attention in both computer vision and natural language processing domains. With the development of convolutional and recurrent neural networks, the bottleneck of retrieval across image-text modalities is no longer the extraction of image and text features but an efficient loss function learning in embedding space. Many loss functions try to closer pairwise features from heterogeneous modalities. This paper proposes a method for learning joint embedding of images and texts using an intra-modal constraint loss function to reduce the violation of negative pair…
RGBT tracking has attracted increasing attention since RGB and thermal infrared data have strong complementary advantages, which could make trackers all-day and all-weather work. However, how to effectively represent RGBT data for visual tracking remains unstudied well. Existing works usually focus on extracting modality-shared or modality-specific information, but the potentials of these two cues are not well explored and exploited in RGBT tracking. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-adapter network to jointly perform modality-shared, modality-specific and instance-aware target represent…
Northwestern Polytechnical University（西北工业大学）；University of Adelaide（阿德莱德大学）；Bytedance AI Lab（字节跳动人工智能实验室）
The training loss function that enforces certain training sample distribution patterns plays a critical role in building a re-identification (ReID) system. Besides the basic requirement of discrimination, i.e., the features corresponding to different identities should not be mixed, additional intra-class distribution constraints, such as features from the same identities should be close to their centers, have been adopted to construct losses. Despite the advances of various new loss functions, it is still challenging to strike the balance between the need of reducing the intra-class variation …
The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学）；University of Michigan（密歇根大学）；Imsight Medical Technology Inc.（Imsight医疗科技公司）
Convolutional networks (ConvNets) have achieved great successes in various challenging vision tasks. However, the performance of ConvNets would degrade when encountering the domain shift. The domain adaptation is more significant while challenging in the field of biomedical image analysis, where cross-modality data have largely different distributions. Given that annotating the medical data is especially expensive, the supervised transfer learning approaches are not quite optimal. In this paper, we propose an unsupervised domain adaptation framework with adversarial learning for cross-modality…
Magnetic Resonance (MR) images of different modalities can provide complementary information for clinical diagnosis, but whole modalities are often costly to access. Most existing methods only focus on synthesizing missing images between two modalities, which limits their robustness and efficiency when multiple modalities are missing. To address this problem, we propose a multi-modality generative adversarial network (MGAN) to synthesize three high-quality MR modalities (FLAIR, T1 and T1ce) from one MR modality T2 simultaneously. The experimental results show that the quality of the synthesize…
We present a new method to learn video representations from unlabeled data. Given large-scale unlabeled video data, the objective is to benefit from such data by learning a generic and transferable representation space that can be directly used for a new task such as zero/few-shot learning. We formulate our unsupervised representation learning as a multi-modal, multi-task learning problem, where the representations are also shared across different modalities via distillation. Further, we also introduce the concept of finding a better loss function to train such multi-task multi-modal represent…
Imbalanced training data is a significant challenge for medical image classification. In this study, we propose a novel Progressive Class-Center Triplet (PCCT) framework to alleviate the class imbalance issue particularly for diagnosis of rare diseases, mainly by carefully designing the triplet sampling strategy and the triplet loss formation. Specifically, the PCCT framework includes two successive stages. In the first stage, PCCT trains the diagnosis system via a class-balanced triplet loss to coarsely separate distributions of different classes. In the second stage, the PCCT framework furth…
South China University of Technology（华南理工大学）；Rochester Institute of Technology（罗切斯特理工学院）
In clinical practice, well-aligned multi-modal images, such as Magnetic Resonance (MR) and Computed Tomography (CT), together can provide complementary information for image-guided therapies. Multi-modal image registration is essential for the accurate alignment of these multi-modal images. However, it remains a very challenging task due to complicated and unknown spatial correspondence between different modalities. In this paper, we propose a novel translation-based unsupervised deformable image registration approach to convert the multi-modal registration problem to a mono-modal one. Specifi…
Face sketches are able to capture the spatial topology of a face while lacking some facial attributes such as race, skin, or hair color. Existing sketch-photo recognition approaches have mostly ignored the importance of facial attributes. In this paper, we propose a new loss function, called attribute-centered loss, to train a Deep Coupled Convolutional Neural Network (DCCNN) for the facial attribute guided sketch to photo matching. Specifically, an attribute-centered loss is proposed which learns several distinct centers, in a shared embedding space, for photos and sketches with different com…
Most video surveillance systems use both RGB and infrared cameras, making it a vital technique to re-identify a person cross the RGB and infrared modalities. This task can be challenging due to both the cross-modality variations caused by heterogeneous images in RGB and infrared, and the intra-modality variations caused by the heterogeneous human poses, camera views, light brightness, etc. To meet these challenges a novel feature learning framework, HPILN, is proposed. In the framework existing single-modality re-identification models are modified to fit for the cross-modality scenario, follow…
In this work, we address the problem how a network for action recognition that has been trained on a modality like RGB videos can be adapted to recognize actions for another modality like sequences of 3D human poses. To this end, we extract the knowledge of the trained teacher network for the source modality and transfer it to a small ensemble of student networks for the target modality. For the cross-modal knowledge distillation, we do not require any annotated data. Instead we use pairs of sequences of both modalities as supervision, which are straightforward to acquire. In contrast to previ…
Thapar Institute of Engineering and Technology（塔帕尔工程技术学院）；Indian Institute of Technology Ropar（印度理工学院鲁尔基分校）；Oxford Brookes University（牛津布鲁克斯大学）
Recently, there has been numerous breakthroughs in face hallucination tasks. However, the task remains rather challenging in videos in comparison to the images due to inherent consistency issues. The presence of extra temporal dimension in video face hallucination makes it non-trivial to learn the facial motion through out the sequence. In order to learn these fine spatio-temporal motion details, we propose a novel cross-modal audio-visual Video Face Hallucination Generative Adversarial Network (VFH-GAN). The architecture exploits the semantic correlation of between the movement of the facial …
Georgia Institute of Technology（佐治亚理工学院）；Wuhan University of Technology（武汉理工大学）
This paper presents a three-tier modality alignment approach to learning text-image joint embedding, coined as JEMA, for cross-modal retrieval of cooking recipes and food images. The first tier improves recipe text embedding by optimizing the LSTM networks with term extraction and ranking enhanced sequence patterns, and optimizes the image embedding by combining the ResNeXt-101 image encoder with the category embedding using wideResNet-50 with word2vec. The second tier modality alignment optimizes the textual-visual joint embedding loss function using a double batch-hard triplet loss with soft…
A deep convolutional neural network (CNN) has been widely used in image classification and gives better classification accuracy than the other techniques. The softmax cross-entropy loss function is often used for classification tasks. There are some works to introduce the additional terms in the objective function for training to make the features of the output layer more discriminative. The neuron-wise discriminant criterion makes the input feature of each neuron in the output layer discriminative by introducing the discriminant criterion to each of the features. Similarly, the center loss wa…
Massive semantically labeled datasets are readily available for 2D images, however, are much harder to achieve for 3D scenes. Objects in 3D repositories like ShapeNet are labeled, but regrettably only in isolation, so without context. 3D scenes can be acquired by range scanners on city-level scale, but much fewer with semantic labels. Addressing this disparity, we introduce a new optimization procedure, which allows training for 3D detection with raw 3D scans while using as little as 5% of the object labels and still achieve comparable performance. Our optimization uses two networks. A scene n…
The University of Queensland（昆士兰大学）；Dalian University of Technology（大连理工大学）；Inception Institute of Artificial Intelligence (IIAI)（人工智能初创研究院）
In this paper, we propose a novel deep generative approach to cross-modal retrieval to learn hash functions in the absence of paired training samples through the cycle consistency loss. Our proposed approach employs adversarial training scheme to lean a couple of hash functions enabling translation between modalities while assuming the underlying semantic relationship. To induce the hash codes with semantics to the input-output pair, cycle consistency loss is further proposed upon the adversarial training to strengthen the correlations between inputs and corresponding outputs. Our approach is …
Sun Yat-sen University（中山大学）；nii.ac.jp（日本国立信息学研究所）
This paper pays close attention to the cross-modality visible-infrared person re-identification (VI Re-ID) task, which aims to match pedestrian samples between visible and infrared modes. In order to reduce the modality-discrepancy between samples from different cameras, most existing works usually use constraints based on Euclidean metric. Because of the Euclidean based distance metric strategy cannot effectively measure the internal angles between the embedded vectors, the existing solutions cannot learn the angularly discriminative feature embedding. Since the most important factor affectin…
Jilin University（吉林大学）；Zhejiang University（浙江大学）；Zhejiang Lab（之江实验室）；Engineering Research Center of Knowledge-Driven Human-Machine Intelligence, MOE（教育部知识驱动人机智能工程研究中心）
Multifold observations are common for different data modalities, e.g., a 3D shape can be represented by multi-view images and an image can be described with different captions. Existing cross-modal contrastive representation learning (XM-CLR) methods such as CLIP are not fully suitable for multifold data as they only consider one positive pair and treat other pairs as negative when computing the contrastive loss. In this paper, we propose MXM-CLR, a unified framework for contrastive learning of multifold cross-modal representations. MXM-CLR explicitly models and learns the relationships betwee…
Center for Applied Mathematics, Tianjin University（天津大学应用数学中心）
In this paper, we propose a spectral-spatial feature extraction and classification framework based on artificial neuron network (ANN) in the context of hyperspectral imagery. With limited labeled samples, only spectral information is exploited for training and spatial context is integrated posteriorly at the testing stage. Taking advantage of recent advances in face recognition, a joint supervision symbol that combines softmax loss and center loss is adopted to train the proposed network, by which intra-class features are gathered while inter-class variations are enlarged. Based on the learned…
Visible-to-thermal face image matching is a challenging variate of cross-modality recognition. The challenge lies in the large modality gap and low correlation between visible and thermal modalities. Existing approaches employ image preprocessing, feature extraction, or common subspace projection, which are independent problems in themselves. In this paper, we propose an end-to-end framework for cross-modal face recognition. The proposed algorithm aims to learn identity-discriminative features from unprocessed facial images and identify cross-modal image pairs. A novel Unit-Class Loss is propo…
Unpaired image-to-image translation using Generative Adversarial Networks (GAN) is successful in converting images among multiple domains. Moreover, recent studies have shown a way to diversify the outputs of the generator. However, since there are no restrictions on how the generator diversifies the results, it is likely to translate some unexpected features. In this paper, we propose Style-Restricted GAN (SRGAN) to demonstrate the importance of controlling the encoded features used in style diversifying process. More specifically, instead of KL divergence loss, we adopt three new losses to r…
University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学）；Hangzhou Dianzi University（杭州电子科技大学）
Cross-modal retrieval aims to enable flexible retrieval experience by combining multimedia data such as image, video, text, and audio. One core of unsupervised approaches is to dig the correlations among different object representations to complete satisfied retrieval performance without requiring expensive labels. In this paper, we propose a Graph Pattern Loss based Diversified Attention Network(GPLDAN) for unsupervised cross-modal retrieval to deeply analyze correlations among representations. First, we propose a diversified attention feature projector by considering the interaction between …
Center for Future Media（未来媒体中心）；School of Computer Science and Engineering（计算机科学与工程学院）；University of Electronic Science and Technology of China（电子科技大学）
Cross-modal matching has been a highlighted research topic in both vision and language areas. Learning appropriate mining strategy to sample and weight informative pairs is crucial for the cross-modal matching performance. However, most existing metric learning methods are developed for unimodal matching, which is unsuitable for cross-modal matching on multimodal data with heterogeneous features. To address this problem, we propose a simple and interpretable universal weighting framework for cross-modal matching, which provides a tool to analyze the interpretability of various loss functions. …
Self-Supervised Bird's Eye View Motion Prediction with Cross-Modality Signals
Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）；University of Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大学）；University of Southern California（南加州大学）；Shanghai AI Laboratory（上海人工智能实验室）
This research attempts to construct a network that can convert online and offline handwritten characters to each other. The proposed network consists of two Variational Auto-Encoders (VAEs) with a shared latent space. The VAEs are trained to generate online and offline handwritten Latin characters simultaneously. In this way, we create a cross-modal VAE (Cross-VAE). During training, the proposed Cross-VAE is trained to minimize the reconstruction loss of the two modalities, the distribution loss of the two VAEs, and a novel third loss called the space sharing loss. This third, space sharing lo…
We devise a cascade GAN approach to generate talking face video, which is robust to different face shapes, view angles, facial characteristics, and noisy audio conditions. Instead of learning a direct mapping from audio to video frames, we propose first to transfer audio to high-level structure, i.e., the facial landmarks, and then to generate video frames conditioned on the landmarks. Compared to a direct audio-to-image approach, our cascade approach avoids fitting spurious correlations between audiovisual signals that are irrelevant to the speech content. We, humans, are sensitive to tempora…
Arizona State University（亚利桑那州立大学）；Duke University（杜克大学）
Real-world robotics systems deal with data from a multitude of modalities, especially for tasks such as navigation and recognition. The performance of those systems can drastically degrade when one or more modalities become inaccessible, due to factors such as sensors' malfunctions or adverse environments. Here, we argue modality hallucination as one effective way to ensure consistent modality availability and thereby reduce unfavorable consequences. While hallucinating data from a modality with richer information, e.g., RGB to depth, has been researched extensively, we investigate the more ch…
Nara Institute of Science and Technology（奈良先端科学技术大学院大学）；Osaka University（大阪大学）；Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学）
CT is commonly used in orthopedic procedures. MRI is used along with CT to identify muscle structures and diagnose osteonecrosis due to its superior soft tissue contrast. However, MRI has poor contrast for bone structures. Clearly, it would be helpful if a corresponding CT were available, as bone boundaries are more clearly seen and CT has standardized (i.e., Hounsfield) units. Therefore, we aim at MR-to-CT synthesis. The CycleGAN was successfully applied to unpaired CT and MR images of the head, these images do not have as much variation of intensity pairs as do images in the pelvic region du…
In a human-centered intelligent manufacturing system, sensing and understanding of the worker's activity are the primary tasks. In this paper, we propose a novel multi-modal approach for worker activity recognition by leveraging information from different sensors and in different modalities. Specifically, a smart armband and a visual camera are applied to capture Inertial Measurement Unit (IMU) signals and videos, respectively. For the IMU signals, we design two novel feature transform mechanisms, in both frequency and spatial domains, to assemble the captured IMU signals as images, which allo…
Referring expression comprehension aims to localize the object instance described by a natural language expression. Current referring expression methods have achieved good performance. However, none of them is able to achieve real-time inference without accuracy drop. The reason for the relatively slow inference speed is that these methods artificially split the referring expression comprehension into two sequential stages including proposal generation and proposal ranking. It does not exactly conform to the habit of human cognition. To this end, we propose a novel Realtime Cross-modality Corr…
University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign（伊利诺伊大学厄巴纳-香槟分校）；University at Buffalo（布法罗大学）；Amazon（亚马逊）
Contrastive loss has been increasingly used in learning representations from multiple modalities. In the limit, the nature of the contrastive loss encourages modalities to exactly match each other in the latent space. Yet it remains an open question how the modality alignment affects the downstream task performance. In this paper, based on an information-theoretic argument, we first prove that exact modality alignment is sub-optimal in general for downstream prediction tasks. Hence we advocate that the key of better performance lies in meaningful latent modality structures instead of perfect m…
Up to now, only limited research has been conducted on cross-modal retrieval of suitable music for a specified video or vice versa. Moreover, much of the existing research relies on metadata such as keywords, tags, or associated description that must be individually produced and attached posterior. This paper introduces a new content-based, cross-modal retrieval method for video and music that is implemented through deep neural networks. We train the network via inter-modal ranking loss such that videos and music with similar semantics end up close together in the embedding space. However, if …
