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arXiv 2008.00520cs.AImath.STphysics.data-anq-bio.QMstat.TH
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具有任意阶交互的最小复杂模型的贝叶斯推断

Bayesian Inference of Minimally Complex Models with Interactions of Arbitrary Order

University of Amsterdam(阿姆斯特丹大学);University of Pennsylvania(宾夕法尼亚大学);The Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP)(阿卜杜勒·萨拉姆国际理论物理中心)

Clélia de Mulatier, Matteo Marsili

AI总结:

提出最小复杂模型(MCMs)用于二进制数据的贝叶斯推断,通过无需参数拟合高效计算模型证据并利用规范变换不变性,实现任意阶高阶依赖关系的快速探索与建模。

摘要:

寻找最佳描述高维数据集的模型是一项艰巨的任务,如果旨在考虑数据中所有可能的高阶模式(超越成对模型),则更是如此。对于二进制数据,我们表明,当将搜索限制在我们称为最小复杂模型(MCMs)的简单模型族时,此任务变得可行。MCMs是最大熵模型,具有被分组到最小复杂度的独立组件中的任意高阶交互。它们在信息论意义上是简单的,这意味着它们只能很好地拟合某些类型的数据模式,因此易于证伪。我们表明,限制于这些模型的贝叶斯模型选择在计算上是可行的,并具有许多优势。首先,平衡拟合优度与复杂度的模型证据可以在无需任何参数拟合的情况下高效计算,从而实现对MCMs空间的快速探索。其次,MCMs族在规范变换下具有不变性,这可用于开发一种独立于表示的统计建模方法。对于小型系统(最多15个变量),结合这两个结果使我们能够在所有模型中选择最佳的MCM,尽管模型数量已经极其庞大。对于较大的系统,我们提出了简单的启发式方法,以在合理的时间内找到最优的MCMs。此外,推理和采样可以无需任何计算工作量即可执行。最后,由于MCMs具有任意阶的交互,它们能够揭示数据中重要的高阶依赖性的存在,为探索复杂系统中的高阶依赖性提供了一种新方法。我们将该方法应用于合成数据和真实世界示例,说明了MCMs如何以简单的方式描绘变量之间的依赖结构,并从数据中提取关于对称性和不变性的可证伪预测。

英文摘要:

Finding the model that best describes a high-dimensional dataset is a daunting task, even more so if one aims to consider all possible high-order patterns of the data, going beyond pairwise models. For binary data, we show that this task becomes feasible when restricting the search to a family of simple models, that we call Minimally Complex Models (MCMs). MCMs are maximum entropy models that have interactions of arbitrarily high order grouped into independent components of minimal complexity. They are simple in information-theoretic terms, which means they can only fit well certain types of data patterns and are therefore easy to falsify. We show that Bayesian model selection restricted to these models is computationally feasible and has many advantages. First, the model evidence, which balances goodness-of-fit against complexity, can be computed efficiently without any parameter fitting, enabling very fast explorations of the space of MCMs. Second, the family of MCMs is invariant under gauge transformations, which can be used to develop a representation-independent approach to statistical modeling. For small systems (up to 15 variables), combining these two results allows us to select the best MCM among all, even though the number of models is already extremely large. For larger systems, we propose simple heuristics to find optimal MCMs in reasonable times. Besides, inference and sampling can be performed without any computational effort. Finally, because MCMs have interactions of any order, they can reveal the presence of important high-order dependencies in the data, providing a new approach to explore high-order dependencies in complex systems. We apply our method to synthetic data and real-world examples, illustrating how MCMs portray the structure of dependencies among variables in a simple manner, extracting falsifiable predictions on symmetries and invariance from the data.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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