CARAM：一个内容感知的混合PCM/DRAM主存系统框架
CARAM: A Content-Aware Hybrid PCM/DRAM Main Memory System Framework
摘要：
相变存储器（PCM）的出现为将持久存储器直接连接到主存总线提供了机会。虽然PCM实现了高读取吞吐量和低待机功耗，但关键问题是其写入性能差和耐用性有限，特别是与DRAM相比。一个自然的灵感设计是混合存储器架构，融合DRAM和PCM，以利用这两种类型的存储器的积极方面。不幸的是，现有的解决方案受到有限的主存储器大小的严重挑战，这是存内计算的主要瓶颈。在本文中，我们介绍了一种新的内容感知混合PCM/DRAM主存系统框架- CARAM，它利用重复数据删除，以提高线共享与高存储效率。CARAM通过删除不必要的重复行写入，有效地减少了对混合存储器的写入流量。它还通过合并混合存储器中的冗余行来充分扩展可用的空闲存储器空间，从而进一步提高PCM的损耗均衡效率。为了获得高的数据访问性能，我们还设计了一套加速技术，以尽量减少额外的计算成本所造成的开销。实验结果表明，与现有的混合系统相比，CARAM有效地减少了15%~42%的内存占用，提高了13%~ 116%的I/O带宽，同时节省了31%~38%的能耗。
英文摘要：
The emergence of Phase-Change Memory (PCM) provides opportunities for directly connecting persistent memory to main memory bus. While PCM achieves high read throughput and low standby power, the critical concerns are its poor write performance and limited durability, especially when compared to DRAM. A naturally inspired design is the hybrid memory architecture that fuses DRAM and PCM, so as to exploit the positive aspects of both types of memory. Unfortunately, existing solutions are seriously challenged by the limited main memory size, which is the primary bottleneck of in-memory computing. In this paper, we introduce a novel Content Aware hybrid PCM/DRAM main memory system framework - CARAM, which exploits deduplication to improve line sharing with high memory efficiency. CARAM effectively reduces write traffic to hybrid memory by removing unnecessary duplicate line writes. It also substantially extends available free memory space by coalescing redundant lines in hybrid memory, thereby further improving the wear-leveling efficiency of PCM. To obtain high data access performance, we also design a set of acceleration techniques to minimize the overhead caused by extra computation costs. Our experiment results show that CARAM effectively reduces 15%~42% of memory usage and improves I/O bandwidth by 13%~116%, while saving 31%~38% energy consumption, compared to the state-of-the-art of hybrid systems.
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