An upper bound on the trace function of a hypergraph $H$ is derived and its applications are demonstrated. For instance, a new upper bound for the VC dimension of $H$, or $vc(H)$, follows as a consequence and can be used to compute $vc(H)$ in polynomial time provided that $H$ has bounded degeneracy. This was not previously known. Particularly, when $H$ is a hypergraph arising from closed neighborhoods of a graph, this approach asymptotically improves the time complexity of the previous result for computing $vc(H)$. Another consequence is a general lower bound on the {\it distinguishing transversal number } of $H$ that gives rise to applications in domination theory of graphs. To effectively apply the methods developed here, one needs to have good estimations of degeneracy, and its variation or reduced degeneracy which is introduced here.
We bound the number of minimal hypergraph transversals that arise in tri-partite 3-uniform hypergraphs, a class commonly found in applications dealing with data. Let H be such a hypergraph on a set of vertices V. We give a lower bound of 1.4977 |V | and an upper bound of 1.5012 |V | .
For $r \ge 2$, an $r$-uniform hypergraph is called a friendship $r$-hypergraph if every set $R$ of $r$ vertices has a unique 'friend' - that is, there exists a unique vertex $x \notin R$ with the property that for each subset $A \subseteq R$ of size $r-1$, the set $A \cup \{x\}$ is a hyperedge. We show that for $r \geq 3$, the number of hyperedges in a friendship $r$-hypergraph is at least $\frac{r+1}{r} \binom{n-1}{r-1}$, and we characterise those hypergraphs which achieve this bound. This generalises a result given by Li and van Rees in the case when $r = 3$. We also obtain a new upper bound…
Let $H=(V,E)$ be a hypergraph. Let $C\subseteq E$, then $C$ is an {\it edge cover}, or a {\it set cover}, if $\cup_{e\in C} \{v|v\in e\}=V$. A subset of vertices $X$ is {\it independent} in $H,$ if no two vertices in $X$ are in any edge. Let $c(H)$ and $α(H)$ denote the cardinalities of a smallest edge cover and largest independent set in $H$, respectively. We show that $c(H)\le {\hat m}(h)c(H)$, where ${\hat m}(H)$ is a parameter called the {\it mighty degeneracy} of $H$. Furthermore, we show that the inequality is tight and demonstrate the applications in domination theory.
In pliable index coding (PICOD), a number of clients are connected via a noise-free broadcast channel to a server which has a list of messages. Each client has a unique subset of messages at the server as side-information and requests for any one message not in the side-information. A PICOD scheme of length $\ell$ is a set of $\ell$ encoded transmissions broadcast from the server such that all clients are satisfied. Finding the optimal (minimum) length of PICOD and designing PICOD schemes that have small length are the fundamental questions in PICOD. In this paper, we use a hypergraph-based ap…
We consider the problem of bounding the number of permutations $σ\in S_n$ that avoid a fixed permutation $π\in S_k$ in specific indices given by a $k$-uniform hypergraph $Λ$. We obtain relatively sharp bounds in the case where $Λ$ is a random hypergraph, and find bounds in the case where $Λ$ contains many large cliques. Along the way, we prove a supersaturation version of Füredi-Hajnal, which may be of independent interest.
Let $\mathcal{H}$ be an $r$-uniform hypergraph and $F$ be a graph. We say $\mathcal{H}$ contains $F$ as a trace if there exists some set $S\subseteq V(\mathcal{H})$ such that $\mathcal{H}|_{S}:=\{E\cap S: E\in E(\mathcal{H})\}$ contains a subgraph isomorphic to $F.$ Let $ex_r(n,Tr(F))$ denote the maximum number of edges of an $n$-vertex $r$-uniform hypergraph $\mathcal{H}$ which does not contain $F$ as a trace. In this paper, we improve the lower bounds of $ex_r(n,Tr(F))$ when $F$ is a star, and give some optimal cases. We also improve the upper bound for the case when $\mathcal{H}$ is $3$-uni…
Let $F$ be a graph. We say that a hypergraph $H$ contains an induced Berge $F$ if the vertices of $F$ can be embedded to $H$ (e.g., $V(F)\subseteq V(H)$) and there exists an injective mapping $f$ from the edges of $F$ to the hyperedges of $H$ such that $f(xy) \cap V(F) = \{x,y\}$ holds for each edge $xy$ of $F$. In other words, $H$ contains $F$ as a trace. Let $ex_{r}(n,B_{ind} F)$ denote the maximum number of edges in an $r$-uniform hypergraph with no induced Berge $F$. Let $ex(n,K_r, F)$ denote the maximum number of $K_r$'s in an $F$-free graph on $n$ vertices. We show that these two Turán t…
We generalize the notions of Laplacian and signless Laplacian Estrada index to uniform hypergraphs. For an $r$-uniform hypergraph $H,$ we derive an order $r+1$ trace formula of the (signless) Laplacian tensor of $H.$ Among others by using this trace formula, we obtain lower bounds for the signless Laplacian Estrada index and upper bounds for the Laplacian Estrada index. Moreover, we establish a bound involving both the Laplacian Estrada index and Laplacian energy of a uniform hypergraph.
For a $k$-uniform hypergraph $H$, we obtain some trace formulas for the Laplacian tensor of $H$, which imply that $\sum_{i=1}^nd_i^s$ ($s=1,\ldots,k$) is determined by the Laplacian spectrum of $H$, where $d_1,\ldots,d_n$ is the degree sequence of $H$. Using trace formulas for the Laplacian tensor, we obtain expressions for some coefficients of the Laplacian polynomial of a regular hypergraph. We give some spectral characterizations of odd-bipartite hypergraphs, and give a partial answer to a question posed by Shao et al \cite{ShaoShanWu}. We also give some spectral properties of power hypergr…
Let $\text{Tr}(n,m,k)$ denote the largest number of distinct projections onto $k$ coordinates guaranteed in any family of $m$ binary vectors of length $n$. The classical Sauer-Perles-Shelah Lemma implies that $\text{Tr}(n, n^r, k) = 2^k$ for $k \le r$. While determining $\text{Tr}(n,n^r,k)$ precisely for general $k$ seems hopeless even for constant $r$, estimating it, and more generally estimating the function $\text{Tr}(n,m,k)$ for all range of the parameters, remains a widely open problem with connections to important questions in computer science and combinatorics. Here we essentially resol…
Our first main result is a uniform bound, in every dimension $k \in \mathbb N$, on the topological Turán numbers of $k$-dimensional simplicial complexes: for each $k \in \mathbb N$, there is a $λ_k \ge k^{-2k^2}$ such that for any $k$-complex $\mathcal{S}$, every $k$-complex on $n \ge n_0(\mathcal{S})$ vertices with at least $n^{k+1 - λ_k}$ facets contains a homeomorphic copy of $\mathcal{S}$. This was previously known only in dimensions one and two, both by highly dimension-specific arguments: the existence of $λ_1$ is a result of Mader from 1967, and the existence of $λ_2$ was suggested by L…
One powerful method for upper-bounding the largest independent set in a graph is the Hoffman bound, which gives an upper bound on the largest independent set of a graph in terms of its eigenvalues. It is easily seen that the Hoffman bound is sharp on the tensor power of a graph whenever it is sharp for the original graph. In this paper, we introduce the related problem of upper-bounding independent sets in tensor powers of hypergraphs. We show that many of the prominent open problems in extremal combinatorics, such as the Turán problem for (hyper-)graphs, can be encoded as special cases of thi…
Let W_n(p,q) denote the minimum number of edges in an n x n bipartite graph G on vertex sets X,Y that satisfies the following condition; one can add the edges between X and Y that do not belong to G one after the other so that whenever a new edge is added, a new copy of K_{p,q} is created. The problem of bounding W_n(p,q), and its natural hypergraph generalization, was introduced by Balogh, Bollobás, Morris and Riordan. Their main result, specialized to graphs, used algebraic methods to determine W_n(1,q). Our main results in this paper give exact bounds for W_n(p,q), its hypergraph analogue, …
The 0-1 matrix A contains a 0-1 matrix M if some submatrix of A can be transformed into M by changing some ones to zeroes. If A does not contain M, then A avoids M. Let ex(n,M) be the maximum number of ones in an n x n 0-1 matrix that avoids M, and let ex_k(m,M) be the maximum number of columns in a 0-1 matrix with m rows that avoids M and has at least k ones in every column. A method for bounding ex(n,M) by using bounds on the maximum number of edges in bar visibility graphs was introduced in (R. Fulek, Discrete Mathematics 309, 2009). By using a similar method with bar visibility hypergraphs…
Let $H$ and $F$ be hypergraphs. We say $H$ contains $F$ as a trace if there exists some set $S \subseteq V(H)$ such that $H|_S:=\{E\cap S: E \in E(H)\}$ contains a subhypergraph isomorphic to $F$. In this paper we give an upper bound on the number of edges in a $3$-uniform hypergraph that does not contain $K_{2,t}$ as a trace when $t$ is large. In particular, we show that $ \lim_{t\to \infty}\lim_{n\to \infty} \frac{\mathrm{ex}(n, \mathrm{Tr}_3(K_{2,t}))}{t^{3/2}n^{3/2}} = \frac{1}{6}.$ Moreover, we show $\frac{1}{2} n^{3/2} + o(n^{3/2}) \leq \mathrm{ex}(n, \mathrm{Tr}_3(C_4)) \leq \frac{5}{6}…
For a graph $G=(V,E)$, a hypergraph $\mathcal{H}$ is called a Berge-$G$, denoted by $BG$, if there exists a bijection $f: E(G) \to E(\mathcal{H})$ such that for every $e \in E(G)$, $e \subseteq f(e)$. Let the Ramsey number $R^r(BG,BG)$ be the smallest integer $n$ such that for any $2$-edge-coloring of a complete $r$-uniform hypergraph on $n$ vertices, there is a monochromatic Berge-$G$ subhypergraph. In this paper, we show that the 2-color Ramsey number of Berge cliques is linear. In particular, we show that $R^3(BK_s, BK_t) = s+t-3$ for $s,t \geq 4$ and $\max(s,t) \geq 5$ where $BK_n$ is a Be…
The $k$-power hypergraph $G^{(k)}$ is the $k$-uniform hypergraph that is obtained by adding $k-2$ new vertices to each edge of a graph $G$, for $k \geq 3$. A parity-closed walk in $G$ is a closed walk that uses each edge an even number of times. In an earlier paper, we determined the eigenvalues of the adjacency tensor of $G^{(k)}$ using the eigenvalues of signed subgraphs of $G$. Here, we express the entire spectrum (that is, we determine all multiplicities and the characteristic polynomial) of $G^{(k)}$ in terms of parity-closed walks of $G$. Moreover, we give an explicit expression for the …
A group of permutations G of a set V is k-distinguishable if there exists a partition of V into k parts such that only the identity permutation in G fixes setwise all of the cells of the partition. The least cardinal number k such that (G,V) is k-distinguishable is its distinguishing number. In particular, a graph X is k-distinguishable if its automorphism group Aut(X) has distinguishing number at most k in its action on the vertices of X. Various results in the literature demonstrate that when an infinite graph fails to have some property, then often some finite subgraph is similarly deficien…
Forbidding $r$-extension of $C_4$ -- a counterexample of the Anstee-Sali conjecture
University of British Columbia（不列颠哥伦比亚大学）；HUN-REN Alfréd Rényi Institute of Mathematics（匈牙利科学院阿尔弗雷德·雷尼数学研究所）；Department of Computer Science, BUTE（布达佩斯技术与经济大学计算机系）；dMed Diagnostic Inc.（3dMed诊断公司）
