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arXiv 1302.4409math.CO
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无限图的可区别数的界

Bounding the distinguishing number of infinite graphs

Simon M. Smith, Mark E. Watkins

摘要:

一个集合V的置换群G是k-可区分的,如果存在V的一个划分为k个部分,使得只有G中的单位置换固定该划分的所有单元。使(G,V)是k-可区别的最小基数k是它的可区别数。特别地,一个图X是k-可区别的,如果它的自同构群Aut(X)在X的顶点上的作用的可区别数至多为k。文献中的各种结果表明,当一个无限图不具有某些性质时,通常某些有限子图也是类似的缺陷图。本文证明了:只要无限连通图X是k-不可区分的(对给定基数k),则它包含一个有限半径球B,其可区分数至少为k.此外,这个下界不能被锐化,因为对于任何大于3的整数k,存在一个无限的、局部有限的、连通图X,它不是k-可区分的,但其中每个有限半径的球都是k-可区分的。本文的后半部分证明了非本原图X的一个大的可区别数可追踪到一个不可分块或Aut(X)在相应的不可分系统上的诱导作用的一个大的可区别数。无限本原图的可区别数在作者与Tom W.塔克

英文摘要:

A group of permutations G of a set V is k-distinguishable if there exists a partition of V into k parts such that only the identity permutation in G fixes setwise all of the cells of the partition. The least cardinal number k such that (G,V) is k-distinguishable is its distinguishing number. In particular, a graph X is k-distinguishable if its automorphism group Aut(X) has distinguishing number at most k in its action on the vertices of X. Various results in the literature demonstrate that when an infinite graph fails to have some property, then often some finite subgraph is similarly deficient. In this paper we show that whenever an infinite connected graph X is not k-distinguishable (for a given cardinal k), then it contains a ball B of finite radius whose distinguishing number is at least k. Moreover, this lower bound cannot be sharpened, since for any integer k greater than 3 there exists an infinite, locally finite, connected graph X that is not k-distinguishable but in which every ball of finite radius is k-distinguishable. In the second half of this paper we show that a large distinguishing number for an imprimitive graph X is traceable to a high distinguishing number either of a block of imprimitivity or of the induced action of Aut(X) on the corresponding system of imprimitivity. The distinguishing numbers of infinite primitive graphs have been examined in detail in a previous paper by the authors together with Tom W. Tucker.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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