Motivated by applications in quantitative photoacoustic imaging, we study inverse problems to a semilinear radiative transport equation (RTE) where we intend to reconstruct absorption coefficients in the equation from single and multiple internal data sets. We derive uniqueness and stability results for the inverse transport problem in the absence of scattering (in which case we also derive some explicit reconstruction methods) and in the presence of known scattering.
In this paper we consider an initial boundary value problem for a semilinear parabolic equation with absorption and nonlinear nonlocal Neumann boundary condition. We prove comparison principle, the existence theorem of a local solution and study the problem of uniqueness and nonuniqueness.
In this work, we study the stable determination of four space-dependent coefficients appearing in a coupled semilinear parabolic system with variable diffusion matrices subject to dynamic boundary conditions which couple intern-boundary phenomena. We prove a Lipschitz stability result for interior and boundary potentials by means of only one observation component, localized in any arbitrary open subset of the physical domain. The proof mainly relies on some new Carleman estimates for dynamic boundary conditions of surface diffusion type.
We study the initial trace problem for positive solutions of semilinear heat equations with strong absorption. We show that in general this initial trace is an outer regular Borel measure. We emphasize in particular the case where $u$ satisfies (E) $\partial_t u-Δu+t^α|u|^{q-1}u=0$, with $q>1$ and $α>-1$ and prove that in the subcritical case $1
It is shown that a fourth-order semilinear parabolic equation with time-dependent absorption admit a vast multiplicity of the so-called very singular self-similar solutions (VSSs), which can bifurcate from some eigenfunctions of the linearized operators and also are generated by branching from other critical point. For the second-order semilinear heat equations, such VSSs have been known since the beginning of the 1980s and were constructed in papers by Brezis, Friedman, Galaktionov, Kyrdyumov, Samarskii, Peletier, Kamin, Veron, and many others.
We consider the inverse problem of determining a general nonlinear term appearing in a semilinear hyperbolic equation on a Riemannian manifold with boundary $(M,g)$ of dimension $n=2,3$. We prove results of unique recovery of the nonlinear term $F(t,x,u)$, appearing in the equation $\partial_t^2u-Δ_gu+F(t,x,u)=0$ on $(0,T)\times M$ with $T>0$, from some partial knowledge of the solutions $u$ on the boundary of the time-space cylindrical manifold $(0,T)\times M$ or on the lateral boundary $(0,T)\times\partial M$. We determine the expression $F(t,x,u)$ both on the boundary $x\in\partial M$ and i…
Our aim in this article is to study semilinear elliptic equations involving a fractional Hardy operator, an absorption and a Radon source in a weighted distributional sense. We show various scenarios, produced by the combined effect of the fractional Hardy potential, the growth of the absorption term and the concentration of the measure, in which existence and uniqueness results holds.
We study the first vanishing time for solutions of the Cauchy-Dirichlet problem to the semilinear $2m$-order ($m \geq 1$) parabolic equation $u_t+Lu+a(x) |u|^{q-1}u=0$, $0<q<1$ with $a(x) \geq 0$ bounded in the bounded domain $Ω\subset \R^N$. We prove that if $N>2m$ and $\displaystyle \int_0^1 s^{-1} \text{meas} \{x \in Ω: |a(x)| \leq s \}^\frac{2m}{N} ds < + \infty$, then the solution $u$ vanishes in a finite time. When $N=2m$, the condition becomes $\displaystyle \int_0^1 s^{-1} (\text{meas} \{x \in Ω: |a(x)| \leq s \}) (-\ln \text{meas} \{x \in Ω: |a(x)| \leq s \}) ds < + \infty$.
Let $h:[0,\infty)\mapsto [0,\infty)$ be continuous and nondecreasing, $h(t)>0$ if $t>0$, and $m,q$ be positive real numbers. We investigate the behavior when $k\to\infty$ of the fundamental solutions $u=u_{k}$ of $\prt_{t} u-Δu^m+h(t)u^q=0$ in $Ω\ti (0,T)$ satisfying $u_{k}(x,0)=kδ_0$. The main question is wether the limit is still a solution of the above equation with an isolated singularity at $(0,0)$, or a solution of the associated ordinary differential equation $ u'+h(t)u^q=0$ which blows-up at $t=0$.
We prove an almoste representation formula for positive solutions of semilinear heat equations with power-type absorption the initial trace of which is the indicatrix function of a compact set. The representations involves a Wiener test via Bessel capacities.
We study the limit, when $k\to\infty$, of the solutions $u=u_{k}$ of (E) $\prt_{t}u-Δu+ h(t)u^q=0$ in $\BBR^N\ti (0,\infty)$, $u_{k}(.,0)=kδ_{0}$, with $q>1$, $h(t)>0$. If $h(t)=e^{-\gw(t)/t}$ where $\gw>0$ satisfies to $\int_{0}^1\sqrt{\gw(t)}t^{-1}dt<\infty$, the limit function $u_{\infty}$ is a solution of (E) with a single singularity at $(0,0)$, while if $\gw(t)\equiv 1$, $u_{\infty}$ is the maximal solution of (E). We examine similar questions for equations such as $\prt_{t}u-\Gd u^m+ h(t)u^q=0$ with $m>1$ and $\prt_{t}u-\Gd u+ h(t)e^{u}=0$.
Several results about positive solutions -in a Lipschitz domain- of a nonlinear elliptic equation in a general form $ Δu(x)-g(x,u(x))=0$ are proved, extending thus some known facts in the case of $ g(x,t)=t^q$, $q>1$, and a smooth domain. Our results include a characterization -in terms of a natural capacity- of a (conditional) removability property, a characterization of moderate solutions and of their boundary trace and a property relating arbitrary positive solutions to moderate solutions. The proofs combine techniques of non-linear p.d.e.\ with potential theoretic methods with respect to l…
We prove that flat ground state solutions ($i.e.$ minimizing the energy and with gradient vanishing on the boundary of the domain) of the Dirichlet problem associated to some semilinear autonomous elliptic equations with a strong absorption term given by a non-Lipschitz function are unstable for dimensions $N=1,2$ and they can be stable for $N\geq 3$ for suitable values of the involved exponents.
In this paper, we consider the standard semilinear heat equation \begin{eqnarray*} \partial_t u = Δu + |u|^{p-1}u, \quad p >1. \end{eqnarray*} The determination of the (believed to be) generic blowup profile is well-established in the literature, with the solution blowing up only at one point. Though the blow-up of the gradient of the solution is a direct consequence of the single-point blow-up property and the mean value theorem, there is no determination of the final blowup profile for the gradient in the literature, up to our knowledge. In this paper, we refine the construction technique of…
We consider the semilinear heat equation $$\partial_t u -Δu =f(u), \quad (x,t)\in \mathbb{R}^N\times [0,T),\qquad (1)$$ with $f(u)=|u|^{p-1}u\log^a (2+u^2)$, where $p>1$ is Sobolev subcritical and $a\in \mathbb{R}$. We first show an upper bound for any blow-up solution of (1). Then, using this estimate and the logarithmic property, we prove that the exact blow-up rate of any singular solution of (1) is given by the ODE solution associated with (1), namely $u' =|u|^{p-1}u\log^a (2+u^2)$. In other terms, all blow-up solutions in the Sobolev subcritical range are Type I solutions. Up to our knowl…
Solutions of the stationary semilinear Cahn--Hilliard equation -Δ^2 u - u -Δ(|u|^{p-1}u)=0 in R^N, with p>1, which are exponentially decaying at infinity, are studied. Using the Mounting Pass Lemma allows us the determination of two different solutions. On the other hand, the application of Lusternik--Schnirel'man (L--S) Category Theory shows the existence of, at least, a countable family of solutions. However, through numerical methods it is shown that the whole set of solutions, even in 1D, is much wider. This suggests that, actually, there exists, at least, a countable set of countable fami…
The main goal of this paper is to show that the blow up phenomenon (the explosion of the $ \rL^{\infty }$-norm) of the solutions of several classes of evolution problems can be controlled by means of suitable global controls $α(t)$ ($i.e.$ only dependent on time) in such a way that the corresponding solution be well defined (as element of $\rL_{loc}^{1}(0,+\infty :\rX)$, for some functional space $\rX$) after the explosion time. We start by considering the case of an ordinary differential equation with a superlinear term and show that the controlled explosion property holds by using a delayed …
We study various partial data inverse boundary value problems for the semilinear elliptic equation $Δu+ a(x,u)=0$ in a domain in $\mathbb R^n$ by using the higher order linearization technique introduced in [LLS 19, FO19]. We show that the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map of the above equation determines the Taylor series of $a(x,z)$ at $z=0$ under general assumptions on $a(x,z)$. The determination of the Taylor series can be done in parallel with the detection of an unknown cavity inside the domain or an unknown part of the boundary of the domain. The method relies on the solution of the linearized p…
Motivated by applications in imaging nonlinear optical absorption by photoacoustic tomography (PAT), we study in this work inverse coefficient problems for a semilinear radiative transport equation and its diffusion approximation with internal data that are functionals of the coefficients and the solutions to the equations. Based on the techniques of first- and second-order linearization, we derive uniqueness and stability results for the inverse problems. For uncertainty quantification purpose, we also establish the stability of the reconstruction of the absorption coefficients with respect t…
It is shown that the fourth-order parabolic thin film equation with critical absorption admits the large time behaviour, where special logarithmic perturbations enter the standard source-type asymptotics. Such asymptpotic phenomena on existence of logarithmic factors are known for semilinear heat equation with absorption since the 1980s.
We consider the inverse problem of determining some class of nonlinear terms appearing in an elliptic equation from boundary measurements. More precisely, we study the stability issue for this class of inverse problems. Under suitable assumptions, we prove a Lipschitz and a Hölder stability estimate associated with the determination of quasilinear and semilinear terms appearing in this class of elliptic equations from measurements restricted to an arbitrary parts of the boundary of the domain. Besides their mathematical interest, our stability estimates can be useful for improving numerical re…
In this article, we study the boudary blow-up solutions for semilinear fractional equations with power absorption. Our main purpose is to obtain the existence, nonuniqueness and behavior asymptotic near the boundary.
In this work we consider the identifiability of two coefficients $a(u)$ and $c(x)$ in a quasilinear elliptic partial differential equation from observation of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map. We use a linearization procedure due to Isakov [On uniqueness in inverse problems for semilinear parabolic equations. Archive for Rational Mechanics and Analysis, 1993] and special singular solutions to first determine $a(0)$ and $c(x)$ for $x \in Ω$. Based on this partial result, we are then able to determine $a(u)$ for $u \in \mathbb{R}$ by an adjoint approach.
We study the semilinear elliptic equation --$Δ$u + g(u)$σ$ = $μ$ with Dirichlet boundary condition in a smooth bounded domain where $σ$ is a nonnegative Radon measure, $μ$ a Radon measure and g is an absorbing nonlinearity. We show that the problem is well posed if we assume that $σ$ belongs to some Morrey class. Under this condition we give a general existence result for any bounded measure provided g satisfies a subcritical integral assumption. We study also the supercritical case when g(r) = |r| ^{q--1} r, with q > 1 and $μ$ satisfies an absolute continuity condition expressed in terms of s…
We investigate an inverse boundary value problem of determination of a nonlinear law for reaction-diffusion processes, which are modeled by general form semilinear parabolic equations. We do not assume that any solutions to these equations are known a priori, in which case the problem has a well known gauge symmetry. We determine, under additional assumptions, the semilinear term up to this symmetry in a time-dependent anisotropic case modeled on Riemannian manifolds, and for partial data measurements on $\mathbb{R}^n$. Moreover, we present cases where it is possible to exploit the nonlinear i…
We give a new stability estimate for the problem of determining the time-dependent zero order coefficient in a parabolic equation from a partial parabolic Dirichlet-to-Neumann map. The novelty of our result is that, contrary to the previous works, we do not need any measurement on the final time. We also show how this result can be used to establish a stability estimate for the problem of determining the nonlinear term in a semilinear parabolic equation from the corresponding "linearized" Dirichlet-to-Neumann map. The key ingredient in our analysis is a parabolic version of an elliptic Carlema…
We study the blow up solutions of a semilinear reaction diffusion system coupled in both equations and boundary conditions. The main purpose is to understand how the reaction terms and the absorption terms affect the blow-up properties. We derive the lower and upper bound for the blow-up rate, and find the blow-up set under certain assumptions.
In this paper, we study the stability in the inverse problem of determining the time dependent absorption coefficient appearing in the linear Boltzmann equation, from boundary observations. We prove in dimension $n\geq 2$, that the absorption coefficient can be uniquely determined in a precise subset of the domain, from the albedo operator. We derive a logarithm type stability estimate in the determination of the absorption coefficient from the albedo operator, in a subset of our domain assuming that it is known outside this subset. Moreover, we prove that we can extend this result to the dete…
In this paper we consider the inverse problem of determining on a compact Riemannian manifold the electric potential and the absorption coefficient in the wave equation with Dirichlet data from measured Neumann boundary observations. This information is enclosed in the dynamical Dirichlet-to-Neumann map associated to the wave equation. We prove in dimension $n \geq 2$ that the knowledge of the Dirichlet-to-Neumann map for the wave equation uni
We study the uniqueness and expansion properties of the positive solution of the logistic equation $Δu+au=b(x)f(u)$ in a smooth bounded domain $Ω$, subject to the singular boundary condition $u=+\infty$ on $\partialΩ$. The absorption term $f$ is a positive function satisfying the Keller--Osserman condition and such that the mapping $f(u)/u$ is increasing on $(0,+\infty)$. We assume that $b$ is non-negative, while the values of the real parameter $a$ are related to an appropriate semilinear eigenvalue problem. Our analysis is based on the Karamata regular variation theory.
We characterize the non-uniqueness in the inverse problem for the stationary transport model, in which the absorption "a" and the scattering coefficient "k" are to be recovered from the albedo operator. We show that "gauge equivalent" pairs (a,k) yield the same albedo operator, and that we can recover uniquely the class of gauge equivalent pairs. We apply this result to show unique determination of the media when the absorption "a" depends on the line of travel through each point while scattering "k" obeys a symmetry property. Previously known results concerned directional independent absorpti…
In this paper, we prove the existence of an initial trace T u of any positive solution u of the semilinear fractional diffusion equation (H) $\partial$ t u + (--$Δ$) $α$ u + f (t, x, u) = 0 in R * + $\times$ R N , where N $\ge$ 1 where the operator (--$Δ$) $α$ with $α$ $\in$ (0, 1) is the fractional Laplacian and f : R + $\times$ R N $\times$ R + $\rightarrow$ R is a Caratheodory function satisfying f (t, x, u)u $\ge$ 0 for all (t, x, u) $\in$ R + $\times$ R N $\times$ R +. We define the regular set of the trace T u as an open subset of R u $\subset$ R N carrying a nonnegative Radon measive $ν…
