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arXiv 2007.08637eess.IVcs.CVcs.LG
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COV-ELM分类器:基于极限学习机的胸部X射线图像COVID-19识别

COV-ELM classifier: An Extreme Learning Machine based identification of COVID-19 using Chest X-Ray Images

University of Delhi(德里大学);Hansraj College(汉斯raj学院);Saral Diagnostics(Saral诊断中心)

Sheetal Rajpal, Manoj Agarwal, Ankit Rajpal, Navin Lakhyani, Arpita Saggar, Naveen Kumar

摘要:

冠状病毒是引起呼吸道疾病的病毒家族。由于COVID-19具有高度传染性,因此COVID-19的早期诊断对于有效的治疗策略至关重要。然而,被认为是诊断COVID-19的金标准的RT-PCR测试存在很高的假阴性率。胸部X射线(CXR)图像分析已成为一种可行的和有效的诊断技术,实现这一目标。在这项工作中,我们提出了COVID-19分类问题作为一个三类分类问题,以区分COVID-19,正常和肺炎类。我们提出了一个三阶段的框架,命名为COV-ELM。第一阶段处理预处理和转换,而第二阶段处理特征提取。这些提取的特征在第三阶段作为输入传递到ELM,从而识别COVID-19。在这项工作中选择ELM的动机是其更快的收敛速度,更好的泛化能力,和更短的训练时间相比,传统的基于梯度的学习算法。随着更大和更多样化的数据集变得可用,与基于梯度的竞争对手模型相比,ELM可以快速重新训练。所提出的模型在95%置信区间下实现了0.95的宏观平均F1评分和${0.94 \pm 0.02}的总体灵敏度。与最先进的机器学习算法相比,COV-ELM在这种三类分类场景中的表现优于其竞争对手。此外,LIME已与所提出的COV-ELM模型集成,以生成带注释的CXR图像。注释基于有助于区分不同类别的超像素。据观察,超像素对应于在COVID-19和肺炎病例中临床观察到的人类肺部区域。

英文摘要:

Coronaviruses constitute a family of viruses that gives rise to respiratory diseases. As COVID-19 is highly contagious, early diagnosis of COVID-19 is crucial for an effective treatment strategy. However, the RT-PCR test which is considered to be a gold standard in the diagnosis of COVID-19 suffers from a high false-negative rate. Chest X-ray (CXR) image analysis has emerged as a feasible and effective diagnostic technique towards this objective. In this work, we propose the COVID-19 classification problem as a three-class classification problem to distinguish between COVID-19, normal, and pneumonia classes. We propose a three-stage framework, named COV-ELM. Stage one deals with preprocessing and transformation while stage two deals with feature extraction. These extracted features are passed as an input to the ELM at the third stage, resulting in the identification of COVID-19. The choice of ELM in this work has been motivated by its faster convergence, better generalization capability, and shorter training time in comparison to the conventional gradient-based learning algorithms. As bigger and diverse datasets become available, ELM can be quickly retrained as compared to its gradient-based competitor models. The proposed model achieved a macro average F1-score of 0.95 and the overall sensitivity of ${0.94 \pm 0.02} at a 95% confidence interval. When compared to state-of-the-art machine learning algorithms, the COV-ELM is found to outperform its competitors in this three-class classification scenario. Further, LIME has been integrated with the proposed COV-ELM model to generate annotated CXR images. The annotations are based on the superpixels that have contributed to distinguish between the different classes. It was observed that the superpixels correspond to the regions of the human lungs that are clinically observed in COVID-19 and Pneumonia cases.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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