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arXiv 2007.02356hep-thcond-mat.supr-con
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量子磁凝聚

Quantum magnetic monopole condensate

M. C. Diamantini, C. A. Trugenberger, V. M. Vinokur

摘要:

尽管经过数十年的努力,磁单极子从未被发现为基本粒子。在实验中直接测量了单极和相关电流,并将其确定为涌现凝聚态系统中的拓扑准粒子激发。这些单极子和相关的电磁对称性被限制在经典电动力学中,单极子表现为经典粒子。在这里,我们表明,电磁对称性是最基本的,并扩展到全量子行为。我们证明了在低温下磁单极子可以在超导体中形成与电荷库珀对凝聚对偶的量子玻色凝聚。玻色凝聚体表现为具有无限电阻的超绝缘态,与超导性对偶。单极超电流导致迈斯纳效应的电学模拟,并导致库珀对被玻里雅科夫电弦线性限制,类似于强子中的夸克。

英文摘要:

Despite decades-long efforts, magnetic monopoles were never found as elementary particles. Monopoles and associated currents were directly measured in experiments and identified as topological quasiparticle excitations in emergent condensed matter systems. These monopoles and the related electric-magnetic symmetry were restricted to classical electrodynamics, with monopoles behaving as classical particles. Here we show that the electric-magnetic symmetry is most fundamental and extends to full quantum behavior. We demonstrate that at low temperatures magnetic monopoles can form a quantum Bose condensate dual to the charge Cooper pair condensate in superconductors. The monopole Bose condensate manifests as a superinsulating state with infinite resistance, dual to superconductivity. Monopole supercurrents result in the electric analog of the Meissner effect and lead to linear confinement of Cooper pairs by Polyakov electric strings in analogy to quarks in hadrons.

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