存储免疫记忆的最优进化决策
Optimal evolutionary decision-making to store immune memory
摘要：
适应性免疫系统提供了一组不同的分子，可以对多种病原体产生特异性反应。记忆是适应性免疫的一个关键特征，它使生物体在再次感染时更容易做出反应。然而，记忆细胞的分化仍然是最不了解的细胞命运决定之一。在这里，我们引入了一个数学框架来描述存储记忆的最佳策略，以最大限度地提高生物体一生中免疫反应的效用。我们表明，记忆的产生应积极调节免疫受体的亲和力和交叉反应性之间的平衡，以有效地保护对不断变化的病原体。此外，我们预测记忆的特异性应该取决于生物体的寿命，寿命较短的生物体与较少的病原体接触应该储存更多的交叉反应记忆。我们的框架提供了一个基线，以衡量免疫记忆的效力，根据生物体与病原体的共同进化历史。
英文摘要：
The adaptive immune system provides a diverse set of molecules that can mount specific responses against a multitude of pathogens. Memory is a key feature of adaptive immunity, which allows organisms to respond more readily upon re-infections. However, differentiation of memory cells is still one of the least understood cell fate decisions. Here, we introduce a mathematical framework to characterize optimal strategies to store memory to maximize the utility of immune response over an organism's lifetime. We show that memory production should be actively regulated to balance between affinity and cross-reactivity of immune receptors for an effective protection against evolving pathogens. Moreover, we predict that specificity of memory should depend on the organism's lifespan, and shorter-lived organisms with fewer pathogenic encounters should store more cross-reactive memory. Our framework provides a baseline to gauge the efficacy of immune memory in light of an organism's coevolutionary history with pathogens.
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