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arXiv 2007.00014astro-ph.GAastro-ph.CO
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IllustrisTNG中的超大质量黑洞燃料:环境的影响

Supermassive black hole fueling in IllustrisTNG: Impact of environment

Aklant K. Bhowmick, Laura Blecha, July Thomas

摘要:

在$0.01-1\ h^{-1}$ Mpc尺度下,利用IllustrisTNG(TNG 100)模拟宇宙,研究了活动星系核(AGN)与环境的关联.我们确定超大质量黑洞(BH)的对和倍数范围内的0.01,0.1,和1 $h^{-1}$ Mpc和检查活动星系核活动的随机选择的对和倍数。TNG 100中BH的数密度为$n=0.06\,h^3$ Mpc $^{-3}$ at $z\lesssim1.5$($n=0.02\,h^3$ Mpc $^{-3}$ at $z=3$)。约有$\sim10$ %和$\sim1$ %的个体成对和多个体生活,其比例在0.1 $h^{-1}$ Mpc尺度内。我们发现,BH系统具有增强的可能性(高达3-6倍),包含高爱丁顿比($η\gtrsim0.7$)AGN相比,随机对和倍数。相反,活动星系核在0.1 $h^{-1}$ Mpc尺度系统中生存的可能性也比随机配对和多重星系核高($η\gtrsim0.7$的$\sim4$因子)。在$0.1\ h^{-1}$ Mpc尺度上,我们还估计了TNG 100中超硬X射线选择的活动星系核的$\sim10$ %具有可探测的2-10 keV活动星系核伴体,与观测结果一致。然而,在更大的空间尺度上($\sim 1$ $h^{-1}$ Mpc),即使在高爱丁顿比下,BH对和倍数也没有显著的增强。因此,在丰富的小尺度($\lesssim0.1$ $h^{-1}$ Mpc)环境中活动星系核活动的增强可能是由星系相互作用和合并驱动的。尽管如此,活动星系核的总体百分比生活在$\lesssim0.1$ $h^{-1}$ Mpc尺度倍数仍然是次优势的(最多$\sim40$ %的最高爱丁顿比活动星系核)。此外,BH系统(以及合并BH)的爱丁顿比的增强仅达到$\sim2-3$的因子。因此,我们的研究结果支持合并活动星系核连接的存在,但它们也表明,合并和相互作用在整个活动星系核的人口中起着相对较小的作用。

英文摘要:

We study the association between active galactic nuclei (AGN) and environment at scales of $0.01-1\ h^{-1}$Mpc in the IllustrisTNG (TNG100) simulated universe. We identify supermassive black hole (BH) pairs and multiples within scales of 0.01, 0.1, & 1 $h^{-1}$Mpc and examine their AGN activity in relation to randomly-selected pairs and multiples. The number density of BHs in TNG100 is $n=0.06\,h^3$Mpc$^{-3}$ at $z\lesssim1.5$ ($n=0.02\,h^3$ Mpc$^{-3}$ at $z=3$). About $\sim10$% and $\sim1$% of them live in pairs and multiples, respectively, within 0.1 $h^{-1}$Mpc scales. We find that BH systems have enhanced likelihood (up to factors of 3-6) of containing high Eddington ratio ($η\gtrsim0.7$) AGN compared to random pairs and multiples. Conversely, the likelihood of an AGN to live in 0.1$h^{-1}$Mpc scale systems is also higher (by factors $\sim4$ for $η\gtrsim0.7$) compared to random pairs and multiples. We also estimate that $\sim10$% of ultra-hard X-ray selected AGN in TNG100 have detectable 2-10 keV AGN companions on $0.1\ h^{-1}$Mpc scales, in agreement with observations. On larger spatial scales ($\sim 1$ $h^{-1}$Mpc), however, no significant enhancement is associated with BH pairs and multiples, even at high Eddington ratios. The enhancement of AGN activity in rich, small-scale ($\lesssim0.1$ $h^{-1}$Mpc) environments is therefore likely to be driven by galaxy interactions and mergers. Nonetheless, the overall percentage of AGN that live in $\lesssim0.1$ $h^{-1}$Mpc scale multiples is still subdominant (at most $\sim40$% for the highest Eddington ratio AGN). Furthermore, the enhancement in Eddington ratios of BH systems(as well as merging BHs) is only up to factors of $\sim2-3$. Thus, our results support the existence of a merger-AGN connection, but they also suggest that mergers and interactions play a relatively minor role in fueling the AGN population as a whole.

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