Evidence of runaway gas cooling in the absence of supermassive black hole feedback at the epoch of cluster formation
J. Hlavacek-Larrondo, C. L. Rhea, T. Webb, M. McDonald, A. Muzzin, G. Wilson, K. Finner, F. Valin, N. Bonaventura, M. Cooper, A. C. Fabian, M. -L. Gendron-Marso… 展开作者
J. Hlavacek-Larrondo, C. L. Rhea, T. Webb, M. McDonald, A. Muzzin, G. Wilson, K. Finner, F. Valin, N. Bonaventura, M. Cooper, A. C. Fabian, M. -L. Gendron-Marsolais, M. J. Jee, C. Lidman, M. Mezcua, A. Noble, H. R. Russell, J. Surace, A. Trudeau, H. K. C. Yee
备注:
7 pages, 4 figures. Accepted for publication in The Astrophysical Journal Letters (see also Chandra press release of August 3rd 2020)
宇宙学模拟以及越来越多的观测证据表明,超大质量黑洞在整个宇宙时间内对恒星的形成起着根本性的调节作用。这在星系团的例子中得到了清楚的证明,在星系团中,来自中央黑洞的强大反馈阻止了热的星系团内气体灾难性地冷却,从而使预期的恒星形成率降低了几个数量级。然而,这些结论几乎完全基于附近的星团。基于新的钱德拉X射线观测,我们提出了第一个观测证据的大规模,失控冷却发生在没有超大质量黑洞反馈的高红移星系团SpARCS104922.6+564032.5($z=1.709$)。炽热的团内气体似乎正在为恒星形成的大规模爆发($\approx900$ ~M $_\odot$ yr $^{-1}$)提供燃料,该爆发与中央星系的距离相差数十kpc。爆发与最冷的星系团内气体是同空间的,但与星系团中的任何星系都不相关。在不到1亿年的时间里,这种失控的冷却可以形成与银河系相同数量的恒星。因此,团内恒星不仅是由潮汐剥离和星系团的分裂产生的,也可以由早期热的团内气体失控冷却产生。总的来说,这些观测结果显示了当超大质量黑洞反馈在星系团中失效时的巨大影响。他们指出,在最高密度的星团和原星团中,失控的冷却可能是早期宇宙中恒星形成大规模爆发的一种新的重要机制。
英文摘要:
Cosmological simulations, as well as mounting evidence from observations, have shown that supermassive black holes play a fundamental role in regulating the formation of stars throughout cosmic time. This has been clearly demonstrated in the case of galaxy clusters in which powerful feedback from the central black hole is preventing the hot intracluster gas from cooling catastrophically, thus reducing the expected star formation rates by orders of magnitude. These conclusions have however been almost entirely based on nearby clusters. Based on new Chandra X-ray observations, we present the first observational evidence for massive, runaway cooling occurring in the absence of supermassive black hole feedback in the high-redshift galaxy cluster SpARCS104922.6+564032.5 ($z=1.709$). The hot intracluster gas appears to be fueling a massive burst of star formation ($\approx900$~M$_\odot$yr$^{-1}$) that is offset by dozens of kpc from the central galaxy. The burst is co-spatial with the coolest intracluster gas but not associated with any galaxy in the cluster. In less than 100 million years, such runaway cooling can form the same amount of stars as in the Milky Way. Intracluster stars are therefore not only produced by tidal stripping and the disruption of cluster galaxies, but can also be produced by runaway cooling of hot intracluster gas at early times. Overall, these observations show the dramatic impact when supermassive black hole feedback fails to operate in clusters. They indicate that in the highest overdensities such as clusters and proto-clusters, runaway cooling may be a new and important mechanism for fueling massive bursts of star formation in the early universe.
JWST spectra are consistent with the edge-on star-forming galaxy scenario for the "runaway supermassive black hole"
Instituto de Astrofísica de Canarias(加那利群岛天体物理研究所);Universidad de La Laguna(拉古纳大学);Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México(墨西哥国立自治大学);Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC)(空间科学研究所)
From Dense Gas Clouds to Supermassive Black Hole Seeds: Hybrid Hydro/Direct $N$-body Simulations of Runaway Collision-driven Intermediate-mass Black Hole Formation
Seoul National University(首尔大学);Northwestern University(西北大学);Korea Institute of Science and Technology Information(韩国科学技术信息研究所)
JWST Confirmation of a Runaway Supermassive Black Hole via its Supersonic Bow Shock
Yale University(耶鲁大学);Dragonfly Focused Research Organization(龙卷风重点研究机构);Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics(哈佛-史密森尼天体物理中心);University of California, Santa Barbara(加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校);University of Toronto(多伦多大学);Tel Aviv University(特拉维夫大学);San José State University(圣何塞州立大学);University of California Santa Cruz(加州大学圣克鲁兹分校)
Supermassive stars with embedded stellar black hole cores: dense assembling star clusters as faint multiple Little Red Dot systems
University of Cambridge(剑桥大学);Kavli Institute for Cosmology, Cambridge (KICC), University of Cambridge(剑桥大学卡弗里宇宙学研究所);Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik(马克斯·普朗克天体物理研究所)
Seeding High Redshift QSOs by Collisional Runaway in Primordial Star Clusters
我们研究如何失控的恒星碰撞高红移,贫金属星团形成非常大质量的恒星(VMSs),可以直接崩溃到中等质量的黑洞(IMBHs)。我们遵循一对相邻的高红移迷你晕的演化与高分辨率,宇宙学流体动力学放大模拟使用自适应网格细化代码RAMSES结合非平衡化学包KROME。第一个坍缩的小晕被认为是将另一个的中央核星团(NSC)富集到临界金属丰度,足以形成红移为$z\approx27$的星族II(Pop. II)恒星。使用的空间配置的扁平,不对称的气体云形成的核心的金属富集晕,我们设置的初始条件,模拟一个最初的非球形星团的直接求和代码NBODY6相比,约2000 NBODY6模拟球形星团的广泛的星团参数。最终形成的VMS的质量很大程度上取决于NSC的初始质量和初始中心密度。对于我们的RAMSES模拟建议的初始中心密度,质量> 400 M $_{\odot}$的VMS可以在恒星质量为$\approx10^4$ M $_{\odot}$的星团中形成,并且对于更大质量和更密集的星团,这可以增加到远超过1000 M $_{\odot}$。我们发现在这样一个早期的宇宙时间在这些小晕中形成VMS的概率很高,这使得Pop.II星团的碰撞失控成为产生大量高红移IMBH的一个有希望的通道,这些IMBH可能作为超大质量黑洞的种子。
HST astrometry in the 30 Doradus region: II. Runaway stars from new proper motions in the Large Magellanic Cloud
我们提出了一个目录的相对自行368,787恒星在30剑鱼座地区的大麦云(LMC),基于专门的两个历元的调查与哈勃太空望远镜(HST)和补充自行从我们的试点档案研究。我们证明,一个相对较短的3年的历元差是足以达到$\sim$ 0.1 mas yr $^{-1}$的精度水平或更好。一些恒星的相对自行超过了3 σ误差阈值,代表了银河系居民和17颗潜在的LMC失控恒星的混合物。基于183 VFTS OB-星的最佳自行,我们得出结论,他们没有一个移动速度超过$\sim$ 0.3 mas yr $^{-1}$在每个坐标-相当于$\sim$ 70 km s $^{-1}$。在剩下的351颗自行精度较低的VFTS恒星中,只有一颗候选OB逃逸星可以被识别。我们排除任何OB星在我们的样本中移动的切向速度超过$\sim$ 120公里秒$^{-1}$。这项研究最重要的结果是发现了10颗质量范围很广的恒星,它们似乎是从大质量星团R136的切平面上从$35^{\prime\prime}$到$407^{\prime\prime}$的角距离上被弹射出来的,相当于8-98 pc。这些失控的切向速度似乎与视星等相关,表明可能依赖于恒星质量。
Rapid intermediate-mass black hole formation via runaway mergers of black holes
School of Physics and Astronomy, Sun Yat-sen University(中山大学物理学院);CSST Science Center for the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macau Greater Bay Area(中国空间站科学中心粤港澳大湾区分中心)
First Light And Reionization Epoch Simulations (FLARES) -- XIX: Supermassive black hole mergers in the early Universe and their environmental dependence
本研究利用 FLARES 宇宙学流体动力学放大模拟分析 $z=5$–10 的 SMBH 并合及其环境依赖,并预测 LISA 对高红移并合事件的探测率与模型敏感性。
FROST-CLUSTERS -- III. Metallicity-dependent intermediate mass black hole formation by runaway collisions in dense star clusters
Max-Planck-Institut für Astrophysik(马克斯·普朗克天体物理学研究所);Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge(剑桥大学天文研究所);Kavli Institute for Cosmology, Cambridge (KICC), University of Cambridge(剑桥卡弗里宇宙学研究所);Zentrum für Astronomie der Universität Heidelberg, Astronomisches Rechen-Institut(海德堡大学天文中心,天文计算研究所);Max Planck Computing and Data Facility (MPCDF)(马克斯·普朗克计算与数据中心);European Southern Observatory(欧洲南方天文台);Department of Physics, University of Helsinki(赫尔辛基大学物理系)
Frequency and Abundance of Binary sUpermassive bLack holes from Optical Variability Surveys (FABULOVS): Hubble Space Telescope Imaging of Radial-Velocity Selected Binary Candidates