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arXiv 2007.15660astro-ph.GA
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在团簇形成时期没有超大质量黑洞反馈的情况下失控气体冷却的证据

Evidence of runaway gas cooling in the absence of supermassive black hole feedback at the epoch of cluster formation

J. Hlavacek-Larrondo, C. L. Rhea, T. Webb, M. McDonald, A. Muzzin, G. Wilson, K. Finner, F. Valin, N. Bonaventura, M. Cooper, A. C. Fabian, M. -L. Gendron-Marso… 展开作者

J. Hlavacek-Larrondo, C. L. Rhea, T. Webb, M. McDonald, A. Muzzin, G. Wilson, K. Finner, F. Valin, N. Bonaventura, M. Cooper, A. C. Fabian, M. -L. Gendron-Marsolais, M. J. Jee, C. Lidman, M. Mezcua, A. Noble, H. R. Russell, J. Surace, A. Trudeau, H. K. C. Yee

摘要:

宇宙学模拟以及越来越多的观测证据表明,超大质量黑洞在整个宇宙时间内对恒星的形成起着根本性的调节作用。这在星系团的例子中得到了清楚的证明,在星系团中,来自中央黑洞的强大反馈阻止了热的星系团内气体灾难性地冷却,从而使预期的恒星形成率降低了几个数量级。然而,这些结论几乎完全基于附近的星团。基于新的钱德拉X射线观测,我们提出了第一个观测证据的大规模,失控冷却发生在没有超大质量黑洞反馈的高红移星系团SpARCS104922.6+564032.5($z=1.709$)。炽热的团内气体似乎正在为恒星形成的大规模爆发($\approx900$ ~M $_\odot$ yr $^{-1}$)提供燃料,该爆发与中央星系的距离相差数十kpc。爆发与最冷的星系团内气体是同空间的,但与星系团中的任何星系都不相关。在不到1亿年的时间里,这种失控的冷却可以形成与银河系相同数量的恒星。因此,团内恒星不仅是由潮汐剥离和星系团的分裂产生的,也可以由早期热的团内气体失控冷却产生。总的来说,这些观测结果显示了当超大质量黑洞反馈在星系团中失效时的巨大影响。他们指出,在最高密度的星团和原星团中,失控的冷却可能是早期宇宙中恒星形成大规模爆发的一种新的重要机制。

英文摘要:

Cosmological simulations, as well as mounting evidence from observations, have shown that supermassive black holes play a fundamental role in regulating the formation of stars throughout cosmic time. This has been clearly demonstrated in the case of galaxy clusters in which powerful feedback from the central black hole is preventing the hot intracluster gas from cooling catastrophically, thus reducing the expected star formation rates by orders of magnitude. These conclusions have however been almost entirely based on nearby clusters. Based on new Chandra X-ray observations, we present the first observational evidence for massive, runaway cooling occurring in the absence of supermassive black hole feedback in the high-redshift galaxy cluster SpARCS104922.6+564032.5 ($z=1.709$). The hot intracluster gas appears to be fueling a massive burst of star formation ($\approx900$~M$_\odot$yr$^{-1}$) that is offset by dozens of kpc from the central galaxy. The burst is co-spatial with the coolest intracluster gas but not associated with any galaxy in the cluster. In less than 100 million years, such runaway cooling can form the same amount of stars as in the Milky Way. Intracluster stars are therefore not only produced by tidal stripping and the disruption of cluster galaxies, but can also be produced by runaway cooling of hot intracluster gas at early times. Overall, these observations show the dramatic impact when supermassive black hole feedback fails to operate in clusters. They indicate that in the highest overdensities such as clusters and proto-clusters, runaway cooling may be a new and important mechanism for fueling massive bursts of star formation in the early universe.

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