Resolving the accretion disks and broad line regions (BLRs) of active galactic nuclei (AGNs) can probe the physics behind supermassive black holes (SMBHs) fueling and weigh SMBHs. With time-domain observations, the reverberation mapping (RM) technique measures time delays between different light curves, probing the AGN inner structures that are otherwise often too compact to resolve spatially with current facilities. Theoretically, the SMBH accretion disk structure does not evolve over decades. Here we report the significant variations in the continuum time delays of NGC 4151. In the high-flux state, our high-cadence ($\sim 2$ days) spectroscopy reveals that continuum time delays are $3.8^{+1.8}_{-1.0}$ times larger than those in the low-flux state and $14.9\pm 2.0$ times longer than the classical standard thin disk prediction. Notably, the continuum time delays can be comparable with the time delay between H$β$ and the $5100\ \mathrmÅ$ continuum, and the latter is commonly used to calculate the BLR sizes. Hence, the BLR sizes are underestimated if the continuum time delays are not considered, which introduces $\sim 0.3$ dex systematic uncertainties on RM SMBH masses. Our findings underscore that simultaneous continuum and BLR RMs are vital for better deciphering the SMBH accretion and mass function.
Can direct collapse black holes launch gamma-ray bursts and grow to supermassive black holes?
The existence of black holes (BHs) of mass ~ 10^{9} M_sun at z > 6 is a big puzzle in astrophysics because even optimistic estimates of the accretion time are insufficient for stellar mass BHs of ~ 10 M_sun to grow into such supermassive BHs. A resolution of this puzzle might be the direct collapse of supermassive stars with mass M ~ 10^{5} M_sun into massive seed BHs. We find that if a jet is launched from the accretion disk around the central BH, the jet can break out the star because of the structure of the radiation pressure-dominated envelope. Such ultra-long gamma-ray bursts with duratio…
Revealing the Origin and Cosmic Evolution of Supermassive Black Holes
下一代电磁波和引力波天文台将为第一批超大质量黑洞的诞生打开前所未有的窗口。这有可能揭示它们在前十亿年的起源和成长，以及它们在本地宇宙中形成历史的特征。考虑到这一点，我们概述了三个关键的重点领域，将塑造研究在未来十年及以后：（1）什么是“种子”的第一类星体;如何达到10亿太阳质量之前，z $\sim7$？(2)黑洞的成长如何随宇宙时间而改变，黑洞的早期成长如何塑造它们的宿主星系？我们能从今天的中等质量黑洞和矮星系中学到什么？(3)我们能否在广义相对论的背景下解开黑洞吸积的物理学，理解流入和流出（喷流和风）？使用这些见解在恒星和超大质量黑洞之间进行缩放是否有效，即，黑洞吸积真尺度不变吗？在下文中，我们确定了加拿大天文学界在解决这些问题方面发挥主导作用的机会，特别是通过利用我们在事件视界望远镜、{ \it James Webb太空望远镜}（JWST）、欧几里得、莫纳克亚光谱探测器（MSE）、30米望远镜（TMT）、平方公里阵列（SKA）、用于光学和紫外线研究的宇宙学高级巡天望远镜（CASTOR）等。我们还讨论了与未来天基引力波（LISA）和X射线（例如，雅典娜，山猫）天文台，以及与恒星和星系演化社区合作的必要性，以建立一个完整的图片的诞生超大质量黑洞，他们的成长和他们的影响，在宇宙的历史。
Relativistic Jets and Winds in Radio-Identified Supermassive Black Hole Binary Candidates
Stanford University（斯坦福大学）；University of Crete（克里特大学）；Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas（希腊研究与技术基金会）；University of Colorado（科罗拉多大学）；California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院）
Granular mass perturbations on the pulsar - supermassive black hole system
Peking University（北京大学）；Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University（北京大学科维理天文与天体物理研究所）；Max-Planck-Institut für Radioastronomie（马克斯·普朗克射电天文研究所）；National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院国家天文台）
Coupled Time-Dependent Proton Acceleration and Leptonic-Hadronic Radiation in Turbulent Supermassive Black Hole Coronae
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY（德国电子同步加速器）；National and Kapodistrian University of Athens（雅典国立卡波迪斯特里安大学）；Queen’s University（女王大学）；Arthur B. McDonald Canadian Astroparticle Physics Research Institute（阿瑟·B·麦克唐纳加拿大高能天体粒子物理研究所）；Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics（理论物理前沿研究所）
Bridging the Population Synthesis of Supermassive Binary Black Holes and the Gravitational Wave Background
Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute)（马克斯·普朗克引力物理研究所（爱因斯坦研究所））；University of Texas at Austin（德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校）；Leibniz Universität Hannover（汉诺威莱布尼茨大学）；Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton（普林斯顿高等研究院）
A Realistic Pulsar -- Supermassive Black Hole Timing Model
Peking University（北京大学）；Kavli Institute for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Peking University（北京大学科维理天文与天体物理研究所）；National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院国家天文台）
The LSST era of supermassive black holes accretion-disk reverberation mapping
维拉C。鲁宾天文台的时空遗产巡天（LSST）将探测到一个空前大的活跃吸积超大质量黑洞样本，其典型的吸积盘（AD）大小为几个光日。这给利用带间连续延迟测量活动星系核AD尺寸的混响映射带来了挑战。我们使用我们的度量AGNTimeLagMetric检查LSST节奏策略对AD RM的影响。它解释了红移、节奏、星等极限和尘埃消光的星等修正。在不同的LSST节奏策略上运行我们的度量，我们产生了LSST光度RM测量的性能估计的图谱。我们提供了一个上限的估计数量的类星体，其AD时滞可以计算在0<z <7 using the features of our metric. We forecast that the total counts of such objects will increase as the mean sampling rate of the survey decreases. The AD time lag measurements are expected for >1000源在每个深钻领域（DDF，10平方米）。度），这些源的红移分布在z~1处达到峰值。我们发现LSST观测策略具有良好的节奏（~ 5天）和长的累积季节（~9年），如LSST DDF所建议的，有利于AD大小测量。我们为最合适的DDF节奏创建合成LSST光变曲线，并确定RM时间滞后，以证明基于所提出的度量的…
Towards direct imaging and orbital parameter estimation of supermassive black hole binaries with spaceborne VLBI
Delft University of Technology（代尔夫特理工大学）；Joint Institute for VLBI ERIC (JIVE)（甚长基线干涉测量联合研究所）；Black Hole Initiative at Harvard University（哈佛大学黑洞倡议项目）；Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian（哈佛-史密森尼天体物理中心）
Improved analysis of time delays between radio wavelengths and X-ray of Sgr A* flares in the shock oscillation model
Institute of Astronomy and Astrophysics, Academia Sinica（中央研究院天文及天文物理研究所）；Hakodate Campus, Hokkaido University of Education（函馆校区 北海道教育大学）；Calle 134A No. 148A 21 San Pedro de Tibabuyes, Suba - Bogotá, Colombia（无明确机构名称）
Gravitational-wave background from supermassive black holes without merger trees: Tidally regulated mergers and direct inference from the NANOGrav 15 yr data
GRAPPA Institute, University of Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹大学 GRAPPA 研究所）；Kavli Institute for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (Kavli IPMU, WPI), University of Tokyo（东京大学 宇宙物理数学 Kavli 研究所）
The Multi-Wavelength Context of Delayed Radio Emission in TDEs: Evidence for Accretion-Driven Outflows
University of Arizona（亚利桑那大学）；University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校）；Center for Astrophysics | Harvard & Smithsonian（哈佛与史密森尼天体物理中心）；Northwestern University（西北大学）；University of Utah（犹他大学）；Radboud University（拉德堡德大学）；University of Oregon（俄勒冈大学）
