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arXiv 2006.14672cond-mat.mtrl-sci
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材料的非谐性测量

Anharmonicity Measure for Materials

Florian Knoop, Thomas A. R. Purcell, Matthias Scheffler, Christian Carbogno

摘要:

用于定性和定量描述固体中核动力学的理论框架通常基于谐波近似。然而,已知这种近似在许多现代功能材料中变得不准确或完全失效。有趣的是,到目前为止还没有可靠的措施来量化非谐性。因此,目前不可能根据非谐性对材料进行系统分类,并制定可能适用于不同强度非谐性的基准方法。在这项工作中,我们推导并讨论了一种统计措施,可靠地分类化合物的温度制度和材料类的“非谐度”。这使我们能够区分“谐波”材料,其中非谐波效应构成了一个小的扰动的谐波近似,从强“非谐波”材料,其中非谐波效应变得显着,甚至占主导地位,非谐波的治疗方面的微扰理论是值得怀疑的。我们表明,在实空间和倒易空间中对这种测量的分析能够揭示潜在的微观机制,即使在接近例如,相变或缺陷形成。最后,我们证明了所开发的方法是计算效率,并通过扫描一组数百个二进制固体,使快速高通量搜索。结果表明,超过微扰极限的强非谐效应不仅在复杂材料或接近相变时是活跃的,而且在简单二元化合物中已经在中等温度下存在。

英文摘要:

Theoretical frameworks used to qualitatively and quantitatively describe nuclear dynamics in solids are often based on the harmonic approximation. However, this approximation is known to become inaccurate or to break down completely in many modern functional materials. Interestingly, there is no reliable measure to quantify anharmonicity so far. Thus, a systematic classification of materials in terms of anharmonicity and a benchmark of methodologies that may be appropriate for different strengths of anharmonicity is currently impossible. In this work, we derive and discuss a statistical measure that reliably classifies compounds across temperature regimes and material classes by their "degree of anharmonicity". This enables us to distinguish "harmonic" materials, for which anharmonic effects constitute a small perturbation on top of the harmonic approximation, from strongly "anharmonic" materials, for which anharmonic effects become significant or even dominant and the treatment of anharmonicity in terms of perturbation theory is more than questionable. We show that the analysis of this measure in real and reciprocal space is able to shed light on the underlying microscopic mechanisms, even at conditions close to, e.g., phase transitions or defect formation. Eventually, we demonstrate that the developed approach is computationally efficient and enables rapid high-throughput searches by scanning over a set of several hundred binary solids. The results show that strong anharmonic effects beyond the perturbative limit are not only active in complex materials or close to phase transitions, but already at moderate temperatures in simple binary compounds.

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