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arXiv 2006.14573astro-ph.HEastro-ph.SRgr-qc
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致密双星演化中低质量隙和不等质量区的探索

Exploring the Lower Mass Gap and Unequal Mass Regime in Compact Binary Evolution

Michael Zevin, Mario Spera, Christopher P. L. Berry, Vicky Kalogera

摘要:

2019年8月14日,LIGO和Virgo探测器观测到了GW190814,这是一个引力波信号,来自$\simeq 23 M_\odot$黑洞与$\simeq 2.6 M_\odot$致密物体的合并。GW190814的致密双星源是非典型的,它的质量高度不对称,并且在致密双星中位于已知最重的中子星和已知最轻的黑洞之间的质量较低。如果是通过孤立的双星进化形成的,次级星系的质量就是它出生时的质量。我们研究形成这样的系统,通过孤立的二进制演化在一套假设封装许多物理不确定性的双星演化。我们更新了如何实现质量损失的中子化过程中的原紧凑对象的崩溃,以消除人为的差距,在质量谱之间的过渡中子星和黑洞。我们发现,人口建模具有挑战性,以匹配GW190814类系统的经验率,同时与引力波观测推断的其他紧凑的二进制人口的比率是一致的。尽管如此,以任何可测量的速率形成类似GW 190814的系统需要一个超新星引擎模型,该模型作用于更长的时间尺度,使得原始致密物体可以在爆炸前立即经历大量的吸积,这暗示如果GW 190814是双星演化的结果,那么中子星和黑洞之间的质量差距可能更窄或不存在。

英文摘要:

On August 14, 2019, the LIGO and Virgo detectors observed GW190814, a gravitational-wave signal originating from the merger of a $\simeq 23 M_\odot$ black hole with a $\simeq 2.6 M_\odot$ compact object. GW190814's compact-binary source is atypical both in its highly asymmetric masses and in its lower-mass component lying between the heaviest known neutron star and lightest known black hole in a compact-object binary. If formed through isolated binary evolution, the mass of the secondary is indicative of its mass at birth. We examine the formation of such systems through isolated binary evolution across a suite of assumptions encapsulating many physical uncertainties in massive-star binary evolution. We update how mass loss is implemented for the neutronization process during the collapse of the proto-compact object to eliminate artificial gaps in the mass spectrum at the transition between neutron stars and black holes. We find it challenging for population modeling to match the empirical rate of GW190814-like systems whilst simultaneously being consistent with the rates of other compact binary populations inferred by gravitational-wave observations. Nonetheless, the formation of GW190814-like systems at any measurable rate requires a supernova engine model that acts on longer timescales such that the proto-compact object can undergo substantial accretion immediately prior to explosion, hinting that if GW190814 is the result of massive-star binary evolution, the mass gap between neutron stars and black holes may be narrower or nonexistent.

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