发表机构
Aix-Marseille Université; Université de Toulon; CNRS（艾克斯-马赛大学; 土伦大学; 法国国家科学研究中心）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文提出灵活混合模型联合推断致密双星质量分布与宇宙学，识别GWTC-5.0中群体结构，并证明二维质量模型对H0约束更窄，强调二维视角对谱学警笛信息的重要性。
AI 中文摘要
我们引入了一个灵活的混合模型，用于描述致密双星在源参考系中的联合分量质量分布，并与宇宙学参数同时推断，同时构建了一个框架来识别重建密度中的结构，量化其事后稳定性、局部显著性和宇宙学相关性。将该工作流应用于GWTC-5.0，厘清了若干熟悉及新出现的结构。约35太阳质量的特征被归类为明显的近等质量峰，尽管在主质量投影中其解释存在模糊性。在(21,12)太阳质量附近存在一个较弱的非等质量聚集，频繁恢复但显著性较低。在约60太阳质量处出现一个暂定的联合过渡，表现为轻度非等质量，在主质量投影中表现更为稳健。对于宇宙学，二维质量模型对哈勃常数H0的约束比仅灵活重建主质量的模型窄33%，仅比基于强参数化一维谱结构分析的约束宽约10%。在特征层面，我们表明约10太阳质量和约35太阳质量的聚集主要通过一个共同尺度依赖于H0，该尺度捕获了两个质量整体的约(1+z)宇宙学重标定；而中间的非等质量特征则在正交的质量比方向上保留了残余依赖性。更一般地，我们认为群体显著性、正式纳入天体物理特征目录以及宇宙学相关性不必一致。这些结果表明，可能需要真正的二维视角才能充分利用谱学警笛信息。我们的工作流提供了一种可复现的方法来检测群体结构，并识别其几何的哪些方面与谱学警笛约束相关。特征查找器可直接应用于其他群体重建。
英文摘要
We introduce a flexible mixture model for the joint source-frame component-mass distribution of compact binaries, inferred simultaneously with cosmology, together with a framework that identifies structures in the reconstructed density, quantifying their posterior stability, local prominence, and cosmological relevance. Applied to GWTC-5.0, the workflow clarifies several familiar and emergent structures. The $\sim35~M_\odot$ feature is classified as a clear near-equal-mass peak despite an ambiguous interpretation in the primary-mass projection. A weaker unequal-mass concentration near $(21,12)~M_\odot$ is recovered frequently but with lower prominence. A tentative joint transition near $60~M_\odot$ appears at mildly unequal masses, with a more robust manifestation in the primary-mass projection. For cosmology, the two-dimensional mass model constraint on $H_0$ is $33\%$ narrower than a model that flexibly reconstructs only the primary mass, and only $\sim~10\%$ wider than analyses based on strongly parameterized one-dimensional spectral structure. At the feature level, we show that the $\sim10~M_\odot$ and $\sim35~M_\odot$ concentrations depend on $H_0$ mainly through a common scale which captures the entire $\sim~(1+z)$ cosmological rescaling of both masses; the intermediate unequal-mass feature instead retains residual dependence in the orthogonal mass-ratio direction. More generally, we argue that population prominence, formal inclusion in an astrophysical feature catalogue, and cosmological relevance need not coincide. These results suggest that a genuinely two-dimensional view may be required to fully exploit spectral-siren information. Our workflow provides a reproducible way to detect population structure and identify which aspects of its geometry are associated with spectral-siren constraints. The feature finder is directly applicable to other population reconstructions.
Comments32 pages, 12 figures
