The mechanics of lower dimensional elastic structures depends strongly on the geometry of their stress-free state. Elastic deformations separate into in-plane stretching and lower energy out-of-plane bending deformations. For elastic structures with a curved stress-free state, these two elastic modes are coupled within linear elasticity. We investigate the effect of that curvature-induced coupling on wave propagation in lower dimensional elastic structures, focusing on the simplest example -- a curved elastic rod. We find that the dispersion relation of the waves becomes gapped in the presence of finite curvature; bending modes are absent below a frequency proportional to the curvature of the rod. By studying the scattering of undulatory waves off regions of uniform curvature, we find that undulatory waves with frequencies in the gap associated with the curved region tunnel through that curved region via conversion into compression waves. These results should be directly applicable to the spectrum and spatial distribution of phonon modes in a number of curved rod-like elastic solids, including carbon nanotubes and biopolymer filaments.
We study the dynamics of a single semiflexible filament coupled to a Hookean spring at its boundary. The spring produces a fluctuating tensile force on the filament, whose value depends on the filament's instantaneous end-to-end length. The spring thereby introduces a nonlinearity, which mixes the undulatory normal modes of the filament and changes their dynamics. We study these dynamics using the Martin-Siggia-Rose-Janssen-de-Domincis formalism, and compute the time-dependent correlation functions of transverse undulations and of the filament's end-to-end distance. The relaxational dynamics o…
In this study, the in-plane Bloch wave propagation and bandgaps in a finitely stretched square lattice were investigated numerically and theoretically. To be specific, the elastic band diagram was calculated for an infinite periodic structure with a cruciform hyperelastic unit cell under uniaxial or biaxial tension. In addition, an elastodynamic "tight binding" model was proposed to investigate the formation and evolution of the band structure. The elastic waves were found to propagate largely under "easy" modes in the pre-stretched soft lattice, and finite stretch tuned the symmetry of the ba…
A one-dimensional wave propagation through elastically asymmetric media is investigated. A class of metamaterials possessing an arbitrary elastic asymmetry is proposed. This asymmetry results in different wave speeds of tensile and compressive components of elastic waves. The faster component can overtake the slower one resulting in their dissipative annihilation through energy cascades. Efficient absorbing assemblies are presented and analysed numerically. The length of the asymmetric part needed to damp a harmonic signal is determined analytically and validated numerically. Transmission prop…
Circumferential gap propagation in an anisotropic elastic bacterial sacculus
我们已经模拟了应力集中在各向异性的弹性片,对应于细菌细胞的肽聚糖球囊的小间隙周围,在负荷下对应于棒形细菌的膨压的影响。我们发现,在正常条件下,应力集中是不足以机械破裂细菌,即使是长达一微米的差距。然后,我们探索了由Arthur L Koch假设的应激依赖性smart-autolysins的作用[Advances in Microbial Physiology 24,301(1983); Research in Microbiology 141,529(1990)]。我们表明,PG球囊的测量各向异性弹性可以导致球囊中小间隙的稳定周向传播。这与最近在杆状细菌中观察到PG相关MreB斑块的周向传播一致。我们还发现了一个周向和轴向间隙传播,这同意在细胞骨架突变体的B。枯草杆菌。我们的结论是,弹性各向异性的细菌球囊,其特征在于实验,可能是相关的维持杆状细菌的生长。
Stress propagation in nonlinear media is crucial in cell biology, where molecular motors exert anisotropic force dipoles on the fibrous cytoskeleton. While the force dipoles can be either contractile or expansile, a medium made of fibers which buckle under compression rectifies these stresses towards a biologically crucial contraction. A general understanding of this rectification phenomenon as a function of the medium's elasticity is however lacking. Here we use theoretical continuum elasticity to show that rectification is actually a very general effect in nonlinear materials subjected to an…
Effect of Elasticity on Phase Separation in Heterogeneous Systems
最近的一项研究表明,在弹性网络的存在下,二元液体混合物中的相分离被阻止,并且可以导致稀相液滴的几乎均匀的尺寸分布。在较长的时间尺度上,这些液滴表现出沿着弹性性质梯度迁移的方向偏好,以形成溶解液滴的前沿[K. A. Rosowski,T. Sai,E. Vidal-Henriquez,D.兹威克河W. Style,E. R. Dufresne,液-液相分离的弹性成熟和抑制,Nature Physics(2020)1-4]。在这项工作中,我们开发了一个完整的非线性弹性固体中的这种现象的理论理解,通过采用基于能量的方法,捕捉在短期和长期的时间尺度的过程,以确定本构灵敏度和动态的所产生的前传播。我们量化的热力学驱动力,以确定扩散限制和溶解限制的制度在前面的传播。我们表明,弹性性质的变化有一个非线性的影响的过程。这种强烈的影响可以在各种物质系统,包括食品,金属和水生沉积物的影响,并进一步证实了生物系统利用这种机制来调节重要功能的假设。
Elastic consequences of a single plastic event: towards a realistic account of structural disorder and shear wave propagation in models of flowing amorphous solids