arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2006.07022cs.ROphysics.soc-ph
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基于安全距离模型的无人驾驶汽车与有人驾驶汽车最小安全距离研究

A Study of the Minimum Safe Distance between Human Driven and Driverless Cars Using Safe Distance Model

School of Transportation and Logistics, Southwest Jiaotong University(西南交通大学交通运输与物流学院);Amazon Toronto(亚马逊多伦多分部)

Tesfaye Hailemariam Yimer, Chao Wen, Xiaozhuo Yu, Chaozhe Jiang

摘要:

驾驶时,保持车辆之间的正确跟随距离至关重要,以避免追尾事故。最小安全距离取决于许多因素,但在本研究中,基于人类驾驶员在事故中的反应能力、车辆制动系统性能和车辆速度,研究了在自动紧急制动器突然停止时人类驾驶车辆与完全自主车辆之间的安全距离。对于这种方法,提出了一种安全距离跟车模型,用于描述在单车道干燥道路上两辆车保持恒定速度移动的条件下车辆之间的安全距离,并且领先的自动驾驶车辆在即将发生的事件中通过自动紧急制动突然停止。最后利用MATLAB仿真对模型进行了验证,结果表明该模型的有效性,并与2秒和3秒安全跟车距离准则进行了对比,说明了行车速度和车间距对追尾事故的影响。三秒安全距离规则适用于所有限速,但两秒安全距离规则适用于45 km/hr以下的限速。根据模拟结果,如果汽车按照两秒规则行驶,则追尾事故会明显增加。

英文摘要:

When driving,it is vital to maintain the right following distance between the vehicles to avoid rear-end collisions. The minimum safe distance depends on many factors, however, in this study the safe distance between the human-driven vehicles and a fully autonomous vehicle at a sudden stop by an automatic emergency brake was studied based on the human driver ability to react in an accident, the vehicles' braking system performance, and the speed of vehicles. For this approach, a safe distance car-following model was proposed to describe the safe distance between vehicles on a single lane dry road under conditions where both vehicles keep moving at a constant speed, and a lead autonomous vehicle suddenly stops by automatic emergency braking at an imminent incident. The proposed model then finally was being tested using MATLAB simulation, and results showed that confirmed the effectiveness of this model and the influence of driving speed and inter-vehicle distance on the rear-end collision was also indicated as well compared with the two and three seconds rule of safe following distance. The three seconds safe distance following rules is safe to be applied for all speed limits; however, the two seconds can be used on speed limits up to 45 Km/hr. A noticeable increase in rear-end collision was observed according to the simulation results if a car follows a driverless vehicle with two seconds rule above 45 km/hr.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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