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arXiv 2006.02637astro-ph.EP
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内太阳系的狭窄圆盘能解释四颗类地行星吗?

Can narrow disks in the inner solar system explain the four terrestrial planets?

Patryk Sofia Lykawka

摘要:

一个成功的太阳系模型必须重现这四颗类地行星。在这里,我们关注1)在同一个系统(4-P系统)中形成水星和四颗类地行星的可能性; 2)每颗类地行星的轨道特性和质量; 3)地球最后一次巨大撞击的时间和此后地球吸积的质量。针对这些限制,我们进行了450 N体模拟类地行星形成的基础上狭窄的原行星盘的质量限制在0.7-1.0 AU。共鉴定出164个类似物体系,其中只有24个体系含有汞类似物,8个体系为4-P体系。我们发现,包含少量胚胎的狭窄圆盘,其个体质量与火星和目前轨道上的巨行星相当,具有满足这些约束的最佳前景。然而,仍然存在严重的缺陷。水星类似物和4-P系统的形成效率太低(分别为5%和2%),大多数金星与地球类似物的质量比都是不正确的。水星和金星的类似物也形成得太接近彼此(~0.15-0.21 au),而现实(0.34 au)。类似地,金星和地球类似物之间的相互距离大于观测到的距离(0.34对0.28 au)。此外,金星-地球对在轨道质量空间中没有统计学上的重现。总的来说,我们的研究结果表明,用窄盘来解释内太阳系存在严重的问题。特别是水星的形成仍然是类地行星形成模型的一个突出问题。

英文摘要:

A successful solar system model must reproduce the four terrestrial planets. Here, we focus on 1) the likelihood of forming Mercury and the four terrestrial planets in the same system (a 4-P system); 2) the orbital properties and masses of each terrestrial planet; and 3) the timing of Earth's last giant impact and the mass accreted by our planet thereafter. Addressing these constraints, we performed 450 N-body simulations of terrestrial planet formation based on narrow protoplanetary disks with mass confined to 0.7-1.0 au. We identified 164 analogue systems, but only 24 systems contained Mercury analogues, and eight systems were 4-P ones. We found that narrow disks containing a small number of embryos with individual masses comparable to that of Mars and the giant planets on their current orbits yielded the best prospects for satisfying those constraints. However, serious shortcomings remain. The formation of Mercury analogues and 4-P systems was too inefficient (5% and 2%, respectively), and most Venus-to-Earth analogue mass ratios were incorrect. Mercury and Venus analogues also formed too close to each other (~0.15-0.21 au) compared to reality (0.34 au). Similarly, the mutual distances between the Venus and Earth analogues were greater than those observed (0.34 vs. 0.28 au). Furthermore, the Venus-Earth pair was not reproduced in orbital-mass space statistically. Overall, our results suggest serious problems with using narrow disks to explain the inner solar system. In particular, the formation of Mercury remains an outstanding problem for terrestrial planet formation models.

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