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arXiv 2006.00664cs.ITmath.IT
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非理想硬件条件下可重构智能地面辅助无线通信系统波束形成设计与性能评估

Beamforming Design and Performance Evaluation for Reconfigurable Intelligent Surface Assisted Wireless Communication Systems With Non-Ideal Hardware

Yiming Liu, Erwu Liu, Rui Wang, Binyu Lu, Zhu Han

摘要:

可重构智能表面(RIS)可以有效地控制入射信号的波前,是一种具有成本效益的提高无线系统频谱和能量效率的解决方案。现有的RIS研究大多假设硬件操作是完美的。然而,物理收发器和RIS在实践中遭受不可避免的硬件损伤,这会导致严重的系统性能下降,并增加波束成形优化的复杂性。因此,现有的RIS研究,包括信道估计、波束形成优化、频谱和能量效率分析等,不能直接应用于硬件损坏的情况。在本文中,考虑到硬件损伤,我们进行联合发射和反射波束形成优化,并重新评估系统性能。首先,我们描述了单用户和多用户情况下的直接和级联信道的封闭形式的估计器,并分析了硬件损伤对信道估计精度的影响。在此基础上,推导了最优发射波束形成方案,并提出了一种基于梯度下降方法的反射波束形成优化算法。此外,我们分析了三种类型的渐近信道容量相对于发射功率,天线数量,和反射元件的数量。最后,从系统能耗的角度分析了功率缩放定律和能量效率。我们的实验结果还揭示了一个令人鼓舞的现象,即具有大量反射元件的RIS辅助无线系统可以实现高频谱和能量效率,而不需要大量的天线,也不需要分配太多的资源来优化反射波束成形。

英文摘要:

Reconfigurable intelligent surface (RIS) can effectively control the wavefront of the impinging signals and has emerged as a cost-effective promising solution to improve the spectrum and energy efficiency of wireless systems. Most existing researches on RIS assume that the hardware operations are perfect. However, both physical transceiver and RIS suffer from inevitable hardware impairments in practice, which can lead to severe system performance degradation and increase the complexity of beamforming optimization. Consequently, the existing researches on RIS, including channel estimation, beamforming optimization, spectrum and energy efficiency analysis, etc., cannot directly apply to the case of hardware impairments. In this paper, by taking hardware impairments into consideration, we conduct the joint transmit and reflect beamforming optimization, and reevaluate the system performance. First, we characterize the closed-form estimators of direct and cascaded channels in both single-user and multi-user cases, and analyze the impact of hardware impairments on channel estimation accuracy. Then, the optimal transmit beamforming solution is derived, and a gradient descent method-based algorithm is also proposed to optimize the reflect beamforming. Moreover, we analyze the three types of asymptotic channel capacities with respect to the transmit power, the antenna number, and the reflecting element number. Finally, in terms of the system energy consumption, we analyze the power scaling law and the energy efficiency. Our experimental results also reveal an encouraging phenomenon that the RIS-assisted wireless system with massive reflecting elements can achieve both high spectrum and energy efficiency without the need for massive antennas and without allocating too many resources to optimize the reflect beamforming.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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