Vonjy Rasendrahasina, Vlady Ravelomanana
In this paper, we count acyclic and strongly connected uniform directed labeled hypergraphs. For these combinatorial structures, we introduce a specific generating function allowing us to recover and generalize some results on the number of directed acyclic graphs and the number of strongly connected directed graphs.
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Inspired by earlier results about proper and polychromatic coloring of hypergraphs, we investigate such colorings of directed hypergraphs, that is, hypergraphs in which the vertices of each hyperedge is partitioned into two parts, a tail and a head. We present a conjecture of D. Pálvölgyi and the author, which states that directed hypergraphs with a certain restriction on their pairwise intersections can be colored with two colors. Besides other contributions, our main result is a proof of this conjecture for $3$-uniform directed hypergraphs. This result can be phrased equivalently such that i…
Let a 2 to 1 directed hypergraph be a 3-uniform hypergraph where every edge has two tail vertices and one head vertex. For any such directed hypergraph F let the nth extremal number of F be the maximum number of edges that any directed hypergraph on n vertices can have without containing a copy of F. There are actually two versions the directed hypergraph model for this problem: the standard version where every triple of vertices is allowed to have up to all three possible directed edges and the oriented version where each triple can have at most one directed edge. In this paper, we determine …
Let a 2 to 1 directed hypergraph be a 3-uniform hypergraph where every edge has two tail vertices and one head vertex. For any such directed hypergraph F let the nth extremal number of F be the maximum number of edges that any directed hypergraph on n vertices can have without containing a copy of F. There are actually two versions of this problem: the standard version where every triple of vertices is allowed to have up to all three possible directed edges and the oriented version where each triple can have at most one directed edge. In this paper, we determine the standard extremal numbers a…
Coloring one-headed directed hypergraphs
本文证明了Keszegh和Pálvölgyi提出的着色猜想对于超边大小至少为3的单头有向超图成立，并探讨了$2\rightarrow 1$超图正常$k$-可着色的充分条件。
An $(r,s)$-directed hypergraph is a directed hypergraph with $r$ vertices in tail and $s$ vertices in head of each arc. Let $G$ be an $(r,s)$-directed hypergraph. For any real numbers $p$, $q\geq 1$, we define the $(p,q)$-spectral radius $λ_{p,q}(G)$ as \[ λ_{p,q}(G):=\max_{||{\bf x}||_p=||{\bf y}||_q=1} \sum_{e\in E(G)}\Bigg(\prod_{u\in T(e)}x_u\Bigg)\Bigg(\prod_{v\in H(e)}y_v\Bigg), \] where ${\bf x}=(x_1, \ldots, x_m)^{\rm T}$, ${\bf y}=(y_1,\ldots, y_n)^{\rm T}$ are real vectors; and $T(e)$, $H(e)$ are the tail and head of arc $e$, respectively. We study some properties about $λ_{p,q}(G)$ …
Low discrepancy and spectral gap for directed hypergraphs via spectral regularity lemma for tensors
本文证明有向均匀超图的低差异等价于谱间隙，通过建立基于变分特征值的Frieze-Kannan型张量谱正则引理，给出Lenz-Mubayi定理的简短证明，并讨论相关变体。
Using the Filmus-Golubev-Lifshitz method to bound the independence number of a hypergraph, we solve some problems concerning multiply intersecting families with biased measure. Among other results we obtain a stability result of a measure version of the Erdos-Ko-Rado theorem for multiply intersecting families.
Erdős [On Schütte problem, Math. Gaz. 47 (1963)] proved that every tournament on $n$ vertices has a directed dominating set of at most $\log (n+1)$ vertices, where $\log$ is the logarithm to base $2$. He also showed that there is a tournament on $n$ vertices with no directed domination set of cardinality less than $\log n - 2 \log \log n + 1$. This notion of directed domination number has been generalized to arbitrary graphs by Caro and Henning in [Directed domination in oriented graphs, Discrete Appl. Math. (2012) 160:7--8.]. However, the generalization to directed r-uniform hypergraphs seems…
Uniformly sampling random directed hypergraphs with fixed degrees
本文提出了一种边交换方法，用于均匀采样具有固定度数的有向超图，探讨了自环和多重超边对采样均匀性的影响。
Transformations on hypergraph families
本文建立有限超图族上基于函数的超图变换通用理论，分析其数学形式与商变换，并通过超边及超图增删示例加以说明。
Some families of graphs, hypergraphs and digraphs defined by systems of equations
本文综述了由交换环上方程组定义的图、超图与有向图族，梳理其研究背景、主要应用及若干公开问题与猜想。
Matroidal Cycles and Hypergraph Families
本研究提出适用于任意超图的超图拟阵新定义，推广了两类既有定义，由此得到超图圈与超树的新概念，给出超图基于拟阵闭包的等价关系，并刻画了与对应拟阵回路超图同构的超图。
In this paper we define a class of combinatorial structures the instances of which can each be thought of as a model of directed hypergraphs in some way. Each of these models is uniform in that all edges have the same internal structure, and each is simple in that no loops or multiedges are allowed. We generalize the concepts of Turan density, blowup density, and jumps to this class and show that many basic extremal results extend naturally in this new setting. In particular, we show that supersaturation holds, the blowup of a generalized directed hypergraph (GDH) has the same Turan density as…
We describe various path homology theories constructed for a directed hypergraph. We introduce the category of directed hypergraphs and the notion of a homotopy in this category. Also, we investigate the functoriality and the homotopy invariance of the introduced path homology groups. We provide examples of computation of these homology groups.
We develop a definition of Ricci curvature on directed hypergraphs and explore the consequences of that definition. The definition generalizes Ollivier's definition for graphs. It involves a carefully designed optimal transport problem between sets of vertices.
We introduce the weighted path homology on the category of weigh\-ted directed hypergraphs and describe conditions of homotopy invariance of weighted path homology groups. We give several examples that explain the nontriviality of the introduced notions.
We present equivalent formulations for concepts related to set families for which every subfamily with empty intersection has a bounded sub-collection with empty intersection. Hereby, we summarize the progress on the related questions about the maximum size of such families. In this work we solve a boundary case of a problem of Tuza for non-trivial $q$-Helly families, by applying Karamata's inequality and determining the minimum size of a $2$-self-centered graph for which the common neighborhood of every pair of vertices contains a clique of size $q-2$.
On the spectrum of directed uniform and non-uniform hypergraphs
本文提出用不同连接张量表示一般有向超图，展示无向超图的谱性质结果也适用于一般有向均匀超图，并引入弱*不可约超矩阵概念以解释超图连通性。
An Euler tour in a hypergraph is a closed walk that traverses each edge of the hypergraph exactly once, while an Euler family, first defined by Bahmanian and Sajna, is a family of closed walks that jointly traverse each edge exactly once and cannot be concatenated. In this paper, we study the notions of a spanning Euler tour and a spanning Euler family, that is, an Euler tour (family) that also traverses each vertex of the hypergraph at least once. We examine necessary and sufficient conditions for a hypergraph to admit a spanning Euler family, most notably, when the hypergraph possesses a ver…
For any positive integers $r$, $s$, $m$, $n$, an $(r,s)$-order $(n,m)$-dimensional rectangular tensor ${\cal A}=(a_{i_1\cdots i_r}^{j_1\cdots j_s}) \in ({\mathbb R}^n)^r\times ({\mathbb R}^m)^s$ is called partially symmetric if it is invariant under any permutation on the lower $r$ indexes and any permutation on the upper $s$ indexes. Such partially symmetric rectangular tensor arises naturally in studying directed hypergraphs. Ling and Qi [Front. Math. China, 2013] first studied the $(p,q)$-spectral radius (or singular values) and proved a Perron-Fronbenius theorem for such tensors when both …
Using edge cuts to find Euler tours and Euler families in hypergraphs
本文研究超图中 Euler 回和 Euler 族的存在性问题，通过引入边割指派和塌缩超图技术，将原问题归约为较小超图中的类似问题，并提出了判定和构造 Euler 回（族）的算法。
We establish a characterization of the vertices of a tropical polyhedron defined as the intersection of finitely many half-spaces. We show that a point is a vertex if, and only if, a directed hypergraph, constructed from the subdifferentials of the active constraints at this point, admits a unique strongly connected component that is maximal with respect to the reachability relation (all the other strongly connected components have access to it). This property can be checked in almost linear-time. This allows us to develop a tropical analogue of the classical double description method, which c…
The celebrated Erdős-Ko-Rado theorem shows that for $n \ge 2k$ the largest intersecting $k$-uniform set family on $[n]$ has size $\binom{n-1}{k-1}$. It is natural to ask how far from intersecting larger set families must be. Katona, Katona and Katona introduced the notion of most probably intersecting families, which maximise the probability of random subfamilies being intersecting. We study the most probably intersecting problem for $k$-uniform set families. We provide a rough structural characterisation of the most probably intersecting families and, for families of particular sizes, show th…
Let $\mc{K}_{3,3}^3$ be the 3-graph with 15 vertices $\{x_i, y_i: 1 \le i \le 3\}$ and $\{z_{ij}: 1 \le i,j \le 3\}$, and 11 edges $\{x_1, x_2, x_3\}$, $\{y_1, y_2, y_3\}$ and $\{\{x_i, y_j, z_{ij}\}: 1 \le i,j \le 3\}$. We show that for large $n$, the unique largest $\mc{K}_{3,3}^3$-free 3-graph on $n$ vertices is a balanced blow-up of the complete 3-graph on 5 vertices. Our proof uses the stability method and a result on lagrangians of intersecting families that has independent interest.
Intersections of Directed Graphs
本文研究加权有向图在重标记下的重叠偏差及随机放置时交集分布的集中性，得到与加权超图情形类似的结果。
We characterise digraphs of directed treewidth one in terms of forbidden butterfly minors. Moreover, we show that there is a linear relation between the hypertree-width of the dual of the cycle hypergraph of D, i. e. the hypergraph with vertices V (D) where every hyperedge corresponds to a directed cycle in D, and the directed treewidth of D. Based on this we show that a digraph has directed treewidth one if and only if its cycle hypergraph is a hypertree.
Non-Markovian heat flows on directed hypergraphs
该研究提出有向超图拉普拉斯算子的半群框架，拓展经典图热流模型，用谱手术法推导特征值界分析热流长时间行为，揭示有向超图热流的正性与∞-收缩性变化规律，结合多学科方法验证相关现象。
Hitting sets and colorings of hypergraphs
本文研究了超图家族中最小边数保证存在多色着色的问题，即一种k色着色使得每个超边包含所有k个颜色类的顶点。同时探讨了该问题与c浅击中集的关系，即每个超边至少有一个顶点但最多c个顶点的集合。对于某些超图家族，确定了存在c浅击中集的最小c值，并研究了由给定集合差值的算术等差数列诱导的特殊超图家族，展示了几何超图家族与该问题的联系，并证明了差集与多色着色性的关系。
The family $D(k,m)$ of graphs having an orientation such that for every vertex $v \in V(G)$ either (outdegree) $°^+(v) \le k$ or (indegree) $°^-(v) \le m$ have been investigated recently in several papers because of the role $D(k,m)$ plays in the efforts to estimate the maximum directed cut in digraphs and the minimum cover of digraphs by directed cuts. Results concerning the chromatic number of graphs in the family $D(k,m)$ have been obtained via the notion of $d$-degeneracy of graphs. In this paper we consider a far reaching generalization of the family $D(k,m)$, in a complementary form, int…
We extend the works of Loday-Ronco and Burgunder-Ronco on the tridendriform decomposition of the shuffle product on the faces of associahedra and permutohedra, to other families of hypergraph polytopes (or nestohedra), including simplices, hypercubes and some new families. We also extend the shuffle product to take more than two arguments, and define accordingly a new algebraic structure, that we call polydendriform, from which the original tridendriform equations can be crisply synthesized.
Note on polychromatic coloring of hereditary hypergraph families
本文展示了一个5一致超图反驳了Keszegh和作者关于多色染色的猜想，推进了对遗传超图族多色染色的理解，并指出该方法不适用于任意高一致性超图。
Intersecting and cross-intersecting families usually appear in extremal combinatorics in the vein of the Erd{\H o}s--Ko--Rado theorem. On the other hand, P.~Erd{\H o}s and L.~Lov{á}sz in the noted paper~\cite{EL} posed problems on coloring intersecting families as a restriction of classical hypergraph coloring problems to a special class of hypergraphs. This note deals with the mentioned coloring problems stated for cross-intersecting families.
Enumeration of dihypergraphs with specified degrees and edge types
本文研究了具有给定入度序列、出度序列及超边头尾大小的定向超图的计数问题，给出了渐近公式。
Erdős-Ko-Rado-type problem for hypergraph matchings
研究完全\(r\)部\(r\)均匀超图中\(k\)匹配的\(t\)相交族问题，用两种方法确定其最大规模并刻画极值族，一种借助排列的\(t\)相交族结果得定理，另一种基于\(t\)覆盖法进行补充刻画。
In this paper, we construct directed strongly regular graphs with new parameters by using partial sum families with local rings. 16 families of new directed strongly regular graphs are obtained and the uniform partial sum families are given. Based on the cyclotomic numbers of finite fields, we present two infinite families of directed strongly regular Cayley graphs from semi-direct products of groups.
Two $n$-dimensional vectors $A$ and $B$, $A,B \in \mathbb{R}^n$, are said to be \emph{trivially orthogonal} if in every coordinate $i \in [n]$, at least one of $A(i)$ or $B(i)$ is zero. Given the $n$-dimensional Hamming cube $\{0,1\}^n$, we study the minimum cardinality of a set $\mathcal{V}$ of $n$-dimensional $\{-1,0,1\}$ vectors, each containing exactly $d$ non-zero entries, such that every `possible' point $A \in \{0,1\}^n$ in the Hamming cube has some $V \in \mathcal{V}$ which is orthogonal, but not trivially orthogonal, to $A$. We give asymptotically tight lower and (constructive) upper …
Tight paths in fully directed hypergraphs
研究完全定向超图中紧路径的存在性，确定了f(n,r,k)的渐进行为，并给出了r≤5时的精确值。
We give an upper bound for the maximum number of edges in an $n$-vertex 2-connected $r$-uniform hypergraph with no Berge cycle of length $k$ or greater, where $n\geq k \geq 4r\geq 12$. For $n$ large with respect to $r$ and $k$, this bound is sharp and is significantly stronger than the bound without restrictions on connectivity. It turned out that it is simpler to prove the bound for the broader class of Sperner families where the size of each set is at most $r$. For such families, our bound is sharp for all $n\geq k\geq r\geq 3$.
We reprove the results on the hardness of approximating hypergraph coloring using a different technique based on bounds on the size of extremal $t$-agreeing families of $[q]^n$. Specifically, using theorems of Frankl-Tokushige [FT99], Ahlswede-Khachatrian [AK98] and Frankl [F76] on the size of such families, we give simple and unified proofs of quasi NP-hardness of the following problems: $\bullet$ coloring a $3$ colorable $4$-uniform hypergraph with $(\log n)^δ$ many colors $\bullet$ coloring a $3$ colorable $3$-uniform hypergraph with $\tilde{O}(\sqrt{\log \log n})$ many colors $\bullet$ col…
An oriented hypergraph is an oriented incidence structure that extends the concept of a signed graph. We introduce hypergraphic structures and techniques central to the extension of the circuit classification of signed graphs to oriented hypergraphs. Oriented hypergraphs are further decomposed into three families -- balanced, balanceable, and unbalanceable -- and we obtain a complete classification of the balanced circuits of oriented hypergraphs.
Higher-order rich clubs and configuration models on general directed hypergraphs
本文针对一般有向超图提出超富俱乐部流程，统一多种有向超图概念，可检测标准图富俱乐部遗漏的各类网络中有意义的高阶结构。
Recent works of Alon-Shapira and Rödl-Schacht have demonstrated that every hereditary property of undirected graphs or hypergraphs is testable with one-sided error; informally, this means that if a graph or hypergraph satisfies that property "locally" with sufficiently high probability, then it can be perturbed (or "repaired") into a graph or hypergraph which satisfies that property "globally". In this paper we make some refinements to these results, some of which may be surprising. In the positive direction, we strengthen the results to cover hereditary properties of multiple directed polychr…
Imagine that you are handed a rule for determining whether a cycle in a digraph is "good" or "bad", based on which edges of the cycle are traversed in the forward direction and which edges are traversed in the backward direction. Can you then construct a digraph which avoids having any "bad" cycles, but has arbitrarily large chromatic number? We answer this question when the rule is described in terms of a finite state machine. The proof relies on Nesetril and Rodl's structural Ramsey theory of posets with a linear extension. As an application, we give a new proof of the Loop Lemma of Barto, K…
Simplicial Complex Emergence on Directed Hypergraphs
研究有向超图上高阶网络的单纯复形涌现条件，通过张量分解和范数分析提出稳定性判定方法，并展示同调工具在适应性系统中的应用
Tiling dense hypergraphs
研究超图完美平铺问题，证明了对于近似封闭于子抽样的超图族，空间、可除性和覆盖三个必要条件是渐近充分的，并给出了最小d度阈值的刻画。
This is the second report of our work on the construction of directed strongly regular graphs. In our previous work, we constructed a couple of infinite families of new directed strongly regular graphs on the sets of antiflags of partial geometries and group divisible designs. In this paper, we use some collections of antiflags (not the entire set of antiflags) of tactical configurations to construct another couple of infinite families of directed strongly regular graphs. Our construction methods are capable of producing many, if not all, nonisomorphic directed strongly regular graphs with sam…
In this paper we introduce a construction of directed strongly regular graphs from smaller ones using equitable partitions. Each equitable partition of a single DSRG satisfying several conditions leads to an infinite family of directed strongly regular graphs. We construct in this way dozens of infinite families. For order at most 110, we confirm the existence of DSRGs for 30 previously open parameter sets.
Let $\mathcal{H}$ be an $r$-uniform hypergraph. The \emph{minimum positive co-degree} of $\mathcal{H}$, denoted by $δ_{r-1}^+(\mathcal{H})$, is the minimum $k$ such that if $S$ is an $(r-1)$-set contained in a hyperedge of $\mathcal{H}$, then $S$ is contained in at least $k$ hyperedges of $\mathcal{H}$. For $r\geq k$ fixed and $n$ sufficiently large, we determine the maximum possible size of an intersecting $r$-uniform $n$-vertex hypergraph with minimum positive co-degree $δ_{r-1}^+(\mathcal{H}) \geq k$ and characterize the unique hypergraph attaining this maximum. This generalizes the Erd\H o…
Directed hypergraph connectivity augmentation by hyperarc reorientations
本研究将Ito等人关于无向2k-边连通图定向转换的结果推广到超图，证明无向(k,k)-划分连通超图的任意定向可通过逐次重定向超弧且不降低连通性转化为k-超弧连通定向，并给出多项式时间的组合算法，为Frank等人的超图定向特征结论提供了算法性证明。
We give some illustrative applications of our recent result on decompositions of labelled complexes, including some new results on decompositions of hypergraphs with coloured or directed edges. For example, we give fairly general conditions for decomposing an edge-coloured graph into rainbow triangles, and for decomposing an r-digraph into tight q-cycles.
In this paper a new parameter for hypergraphs called hypergraph infection is defined. This concept generalizes zero forcing in graphs to hypergraphs. The exact value of the infection number of complete and complete bipartite hypergraphs is determined. A formula for the infection number for interval hypergraphs and several families of cyclic hypergraphs is given. The value of the infection number for a hypergraph whose edges form a symmetric t-design is given, and bounds are determined for a hypergraph whose edges are a t-design. Finally, the infection number for several hypergraph products and…
We derive Cheeger inequalities for directed graphs and hypergraphs using the reweighted eigenvalue approach that was recently developed for vertex expansion in undirected graphs [OZ22,KLT22,JPV22]. The goal is to develop a new spectral theory for directed graphs and an alternative spectral theory for hypergraphs. The first main result is a Cheeger inequality relating the vertex expansion $\vecψ(G)$ of a directed graph $G$ to the vertex-capacitated maximum reweighted second eigenvalue $\vecλ_2^{v*}$: \[ \vecλ_2^{v*} \lesssim \vecψ(G) \lesssim \sqrt{\vecλ_2^{v*} \cdot \log (Δ/\vecλ_2^{v*})}. \] …
The hypergraph jump problem and the study of Lagrangians of uniform hypergraphs are two classical areas of study in the extremal graph theory. In this paper, we refine the concept of jumps to strong jumps and consider the analogous problems over non-uniform hypergraphs. Strong jumps have rich topological and algebraic structures. The non-strong-jump values are precisely the densities of the hereditary properties, which include the Turán densities of families of hypergraphs as special cases. Our method uses a generalized Lagrangian for non-uniform hypergraphs. We also classify all strong jump v…
Note on polychromatic coloring of hereditary hypergraph families II
本文通过构造特定超图，展示了对于h≥3，存在统一性为2h-1的超图，其无多色3-着色但所有h-重限制子超图可2-着色。
The concept of zero forcing is extended from graphs to uniform hypergraphs in analogy with the way zero forcing was defined as an upper bound for the maximum nullity of the family of symmetric matrices whose nonzero pattern of entries is described by a given graph: A family of symmetric hypermatrices is associated with a uniform hypergraph and zeros are forced in a null vector. The value of the hypergraph zero forcing number and maximum nullity are determined for various families of uniform hypergraphs and the effects of several graph operations on the hypergraph zero forcing number are determ…
The $\ell$-degree Turán densities of hypergraphs: infinite families and their finite subfamilies
针对超图的$\ell$-度Turán密度，本文证明存在无限族超图满足特定密度性质，其有限子族则不满足，证实了Mubayi和Zhao的相关猜想，还回答了Lo与Markström的问题。
Finite Hypergraph Families with Rich Extremal Turán Constructions via Mixing Patterns
本文证明任意有限极小r-图模式集合都对应一个有限禁用r-图族，其极值Turán构造恰为通过膨胀和递归混合这些模式所得的最大r-图，并据此构造出具有指数多个极值结构且非有限稳定的3-图族，以及可行区域函数在正Hausdorff维数Cantor集上取最大值的3-图族。
In 2004, Karoński, Łuczak and Thomason proposed $1$-$2$-$3$-conjecture: For every nice graph $G$ there is an edge weighting function $ w:E(G)\rightarrow\{1,2,3\} $ such that the induced vertex coloring is proper. After that, the total versions of this conjecture were suggested in the literature and recently, Kalkowski et al. have generalized this conjecture to hypergraphs. In this paper, some previously known results on the total versions are improved. Moreover, an affirmative answer is given to the conjecture for some well-known families of hypergraphs like complete $n$-partite hypergraphs, p…
Let $G$ be an $r$-uniform hypergraph. When is it possible to orient the edges of $G$ in such a way that every $p$-set of vertices has some $p$-degree equal to $0$? (The $p$-degrees generalise for sets of vertices what in-degree and out-degree are for single vertices in directed graphs.) Caro and Hansberg asked if the obvious Hall-type necessary condition is also sufficient. Our main aim is to show that this is true for $r$ large (for given $p$), but false in general. Our counterexample is based on a new technique in sparse Ramsey theory that may be of independent interest.
We show how to adjust a very nice coupling argument due to McDiarmid in order to prove/reprove in a novel way results concerning Hamilton cycles in various models of random graph and hypergraphs. In particular, we firstly show that for $k\geq 3$, if $pn^{k-1}/\log n$ tends to infinity, then a random $k$-uniform hypergraph on $n$ vertices, with edge probability $p$, with high probability (w.h.p.) contains a loose Hamilton cycle, provided that $(k-1)|n$. This generalizes results of Frieze, Dudek and Frieze, and reproves a result of Dudek, Frieze, Loh and Speiss. Secondly, we show that there exis…
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