arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv 2005.11330astro-ph.SRastro-ph.EPastro-ph.GA
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观测到的行星形成盘的尺寸跟踪粘性演化

Observed sizes of planet-forming disks trace viscous evolution

L. Trapman, G. Rosotti, A. D. Bosman, M. R. Hogerheijde, E. F. van Dishoeck

摘要:

原行星盘的演化受角动量守恒的支配,其中物质在中心恒星上的吸积是由外盘的粘性膨胀或盘风在不改变盘大小的情况下提取角动量驱动的。因此,研究盘大小的时间演化使我们能够区分粘滞应力或盘风作为盘演化的主要机制。在观测上,估计的磁盘气体外半径的基础上的CO旋转排放的程度,这在演变过程中,也受到不断变化的物理和化学条件的磁盘。我们使用物理化学DALI模型来研究粘性膨胀盘中CO排放的程度如何随时间变化,并研究这种可观察到的气体外半径在多大程度上是粘性扩散的合适示踪剂,以及当前的观察结果是否与粘性一致。演变。我们发现,从我们的模型测量的气体外半径(R_co)匹配的预期粘性扩散盘:R_co随时间增加,并在给定的时间R_co是较大的磁盘具有较高的粘度α_visc。然而,在极端的情况下,当圆盘质量较低(小于10^-4 Msun)而α_visc较高(大于10^-2)时,由于外层圆盘中CO的光解离作用,R_co反而会随时间减小。对于大多数盘年龄,R_co最多是盘的特征尺寸R_c的12倍,并且R_co/R_c对于最大质量的盘是最大的。由于这种差异,将R_co简单转换为alpha_visc将高估盘的真实alpha_visc高达一个数量级。我们发现,在狼疮中观测到的大多数气体外半径都可以用一个开始很小(R_c = 10 AU)、粘度很低(α_visc = 10^-4 - 10^-3)的粘性演化盘来解释。

英文摘要:

The evolution of protoplanetary disks is dominated by the conservation of angular momentum, where the accretion of material onto the central star is driven by viscous expansion of the outer disk or by disk winds extracting angular momentum without changing the disk size. Studying the time evolution of disk sizes allows us therefore to distinguish between viscous stresses or disk winds as the main mechanism of disk evolution. Observationally, estimates of the disk gaseous outer radius are based on the extent of the CO rotational emission, which, during the evolution, is also affected by the changing physical and chemical conditions in the disk. We use physical-chemical DALI models to study how the extent of the CO emission changes with time in a viscously expanding disk and investigate to what degree this observable gas outer radius is a suitable tracer of viscous spreading and whether current observations are consistent with viscous evolution. We find that the gas outer radius (R_co) measured from our models matches the expectations of a viscously spreading disk: R_co increases with time and for a given time R_co is larger for a disk with a higher viscosity alpha_visc. However, in the extreme case where the disk mass is low (less than 10^-4 Msun) and alpha_visc is high (larger than 10^-2), R_co will instead decrease with time as a result of CO photodissociation in the outer disk. For most disk ages R_co is up to 12x larger than the characteristic size R_c of the disk, and R_co/R_c is largest for the most massive disk. As a result of this difference, a simple conversion of R_co to alpha_visc will overestimate the true alpha_visc of the disk by up to an order of magnitude. We find that most observed gas outer radii in Lupus can be explained using a viscously evolving disk that starts out small (R_c = 10 AU) and has a low viscosity (alpha_visc = 10^-4 - 10^-3).

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