用下一代甚大阵列对经历流体动力学不稳定性的行星形成区中固体分布的成像
Imaging the Distribution of Solids in Planet-forming Disks undergoing Hydrodynamical Instabilities with the Next Generation Very Large Array
摘要：
我们提出了模拟的能力，下一代甚大阵列图像在高角分辨率的子结构的尘埃排放的原行星盘。本研究的主要目标是调查最先进的磁盘3D模拟所预期的子结构类型，以及像ngVLA这样的仪器，其当前的设计可以检测到。在这项调查中采用的磁盘模拟包括全球3D辐射流体动力学模型与嵌入的颗粒，后者代表尘埃颗粒。我们的工作表明，ngVLA可以检测和空间分辨，在附近的恒星形成区域的磁盘中的亚天文单位尺度，在3mm处的尘埃连续辐射从方位角不对称结构，以及从弱环和间隙在这些模型中产生的垂直剪切不稳定性（VSI）的结果。这种流体动力学的不稳定性被认为在盘状气体和磁场之间的弱耦合区域产生湍流，以及形成可能是星子形成的优选位置的涡旋。
英文摘要：
We present simulations of the capabilities of the Next Generation Very Large Array to image at high angular resolution substructures in the dust emission of protoplanetary disks. The main goal of this study is to investigate the kinds of substructures that are expected by state-of-the-art 3D simulations of disks and that an instrument like the ngVLA, with its current design, can detect. The disk simulations adopted in this investigation consist of global 3D radiation-hydrodynamics models with embedded particles, the latter representing dust grains. Our work shows that the ngVLA can detect and spatially resolve, down to sub-astronomical unit scales in disks in nearby star forming regions, the dust continuum emission at 3mm from azimuthal asymmetric structures, as well as from weak rings and gaps produced in these models as a consequence of the vertical shear instability (VSI). This hydrodynamical instability has been proposed to generate turbulence in regions of weak coupling between the disk gas and magnetic field, as well as to form vortices which may be preferred locations of planetesimal formation.
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