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arXiv 2005.10168hep-thastro-ph.COgr-qchep-ph
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弦论中的暗能量

Dark Energy in String Theory

Bruno Valeixo Bento, Dibya Chakraborty, Susha L. Parameswaran, Ivonne Zavala

备注：
23 pages, 4 figures, 3 tables, contribution to the proceedings of the Corfu Summer Institute 2019 "School and Workshops on Elementary Particle Physics and Gravity (CORFU2019)", includes work published in arXiv:1810.08634 (Olguin-Trejo, SLP, Tasinato, IZ) and arXiv:1907.10141 (Hardy, SLP), and some new results
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摘要：

我们考虑了各种各样的暗能量候选者，这些候选者都是由弦论激发的。几个不可行的定理把德西特的弦真空和$w=-1$推向了理论控制的极限，所有已知的例子都依赖于不同弦理论成分之间微妙的相互作用。另一方面，逃逸模方向在弦论中是普遍存在的，并且可能是慢卷精髓的来源。我们考虑各种候选的超引力势，弦论的动机，包括单场凯勒潜力的整体和局部模量，和领先的超势的形式$W = W_0 + A e^{-a Φ}$或$W = W_0 + A Φ^p$。超引力对标量势施加的条件非常严格，例如，排除了$K=-n\ln(Φ+\barΦ)$和$W = W_0+A Φ^p$的精髓。在所考虑的例子中，当微扰超势中的首阶$p$等于$n$时，可以同时满足$V>0$和$ε_V<1$，仅对于具有$K = k_0 + \frac{|Φ|^{2n}}{k1}$的类变形模量和具有$K=k_0 +\frac{(Φ+\barΦ)^{2n}}{k_1}$的类爆破模量。我们还回顾了热暗能量的情况下，在一个轻的隐藏部门的热效应举行标量场远离其零温度潜力的最小值。这提供了一个可行的暗能量模型与$w=-1$，符合已知的沼泽地的构造，并激发进一步的早期热暗能量时代与潜在的可观察的后果。

英文摘要：

We consider various candidates for Dark Energy, motivated by string theory. Several no-go theorems push de Sitter string vacua, with $w=-1$, to the limits of theoretical control, and all known examples depend on a delicate interplay between different string theoretic ingredients. On the other hand, runaway moduli directions are ubiquitous in string theory, and could plausibly source slow-roll quintessence. We consider various candidate supergravity potentials, motivated by string theory, including single-field Kähler potentials for bulk and local moduli, and leading superpotentials of the form $W = W_0 + A e^{-a Φ}$ or $W = W_0 + A Φ^p$. Conditions on the scalar potential imposed by supergravity are very restrictive, ruling out e.g. quintessence with $K=-n\ln(Φ+\barΦ)$ and $W = W_0+A Φ^p$. Out of the examples considered, one can simultaneously satisfy $V>0$ and $ε_V<1$ only for a deformation-like modulus with $K = k_0 + \frac{|Φ|^{2n}}{k1}$ and a blow-up like modulus with $K=k_0 +\frac{(Φ+\barΦ)^{2n}}{k_1}$ when the leading order in the perturbative superpotential, $p$, is equal to $n$. We also review the scenario of Thermal Dark Energy, where thermal effects in a light hidden sector hold a scalar field up away from the minimum of its zero-temperature potential. This provides a viable model of Dark Energy with $w=-1$, consistent with known swampland conjectures, and motivates further early Thermal Dark Energy epochs with potentially observable consequences.

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