The solutions to the Kadomtsev-Petviashvili equation that arise from a fixed complex algebraic curve are parametrized by a threefold in a weighted projective space, which we name after Boris Dubrovin. Current methods from nonlinear algebra are applied to study parametrizations and defining ideals of Dubrovin threefolds. We highlight the dichotomy between transcendental representations and exact algebraic computations. Our main result on the algebraic side is a toric degeneration of the Dubrovin threefold into the product of the underlying canonical curve and a weighted projective plane.
In the present paper the small Quantum Cohomology ring of some Fano threefolds which are obtained as one- or two-curve blow-ups from $P^3$ or the quadric $Q^3$ is explicitely computed. Because of systematic usage of the associativity property of quantum product only a very small and enumerative subset of Gromov-Witten invariants is needed. Then, for these threefolds the Dubrovin conjecture on the semisimplicity of Quantum Cohomology is proven by checking the computed Quantum Cohomology rings and by showing that a smooth Fano threefold $X$ with $b_3(X)=0$ admits a complete exceptional set of th…
We prove in the case of minimal Fano threefolds a conjecture stated by Dubrovin at the ICM 1998 in Berlin. The conjecture predicts that the symmetrized/alternated Euler characteristic pairing on $K_0$ of a Fano variety with an exceptional collection expressed in the basis of the classes of the exceptional objects coincides with the intersection pairing of the vanishing cycles in Dubrovin's second connection. We show that the conjecture holds for $V_{22}$, a minimal Fano threefold of anticanonical degree~22, and for $V_5$, the minimal Fano threefold of anticanonical degree~40, by applying the m…
This paper has the purpose of presenting in an organic way a new approach to integrable (1+1)-dimensional field systems and their systematic quantization emerging from intersection theory of the moduli space of stable algebraic curves and, in particular, cohomological field theories, Hodge classes and double ramification cycles. This methods are alternative to the traditional Witten-Kontsevich framework and its generalizations by Dubrovin and Zhang and, among other advantages, have the merit of encompassing quantum integrable systems. Most of this material originates from an ongoing collaborat…
In this paper we investigate the mathematical properties of the integrability of the symmetric six-vertex model towards the view of Algebraic Geometry. We show that the algebraic variety originated from Baxter's commuting transfer method is birationally isomorphic to a ubiquitous threefold known as Segre cubic primal. This relation makes it possible to present the most generic solution for the Yang-Baxter triple associated to this lattice model. The respective $\mathrm{R}$-matrix and Lax operators are parametrized by three independent affine spectral variables.
Adapting focal loci techniques used by Chiantini and Lopez, we provide lower bounds on the genera of curves contained in very general surfaces in Gorenstein toric threefolds. We illustrate the utility of these bounds by obtaining results on algebraic hyperbolicity of very general surfaces in toric threefolds.
The aim of this paper is to find all algebraic threefolds admitting quasi-regular Poisson structure. There are three types of such varieties: abelian varieties, smooth flat conic bundles over abelian surfaces and quotients of the product of a curve and a symplectic surface by a finite group.
In the present work, we investigate existence of deformations and algebraic approximability for certain uniruled Kähler threefolds. In the first part, we establish existence of infinitesimal deformations for all conic bundles with relative Picard number one over a non-algebraic compact Kähler surface S and existence of positive-dimensional families of deformations in all but some special cases. In the second part, we study the question of algebraic approximability for projective bundles over S and threefolds bimeromorphic to P_1 x S.
We study links between algebraic cycles on threefolds and finite-dimensionality of their motives with coefficients in Q. We decompose the motive of a non-singular projective threefold X with representable algebraic part of CH_0(X) into Lefschetz motives and the Picard motive of a certain abelian variety, isogenous to the corresponding intermediate Jacobian J^2(X) when the ground field is C. In particular, it implies motivic finite-dimensionality of Fano threefolds over a field. We also prove representability of zero-cycles on several classes of threefolds fibered by surfaces with algebraic H^2…
We study some conjectures about Chow groups of varieties of geometric genus one. Some examples are given of Calabi-Yau threefolds where these conjectures can be verified, using the theory of finite-dimensional motives.
This is the fourth of a series of papers studying real algebraic threefolds, but the methods are mostly independent from the previous ones. Let $f:X\to C$ be a map of a smooth projective real algebraic 3-fold to a curve $C$ whose general fibers are rational surfaces. Assume that the set of real points of $X$ is an orientable 3-manifold $M$. The aim of the paper is to give a topological description of $M$.
We compute the integral homology (including torsion), the topological K-theory, and the Hodge structure on cohomology of Calabi-Yau threefold hypersurfaces and complete intersections in Gorenstein toric Fano varieties. The methods are purely topological.
The affine line minus one point is the underlying space of the algebraic torus of dimension one. However the fibration of an affine algebraic threefold by the affine line minus one point is not always the quotient morphism of the threefold by the algebraic torus. We investigate the structure of affine algebraic threefolds having fibrations by the affine line minus one point. Our results cover not only algebro-geometric but also topological properties of the threefolds. We also consider when the fibration by the affine line minus one point becomes the quotient morphism by an algebraic torus of …
This is the first of a series of papers studying real algebraic threefolds using the minimal model program. The main results are outlined in Part II. The present part I. contains the necessary preliminary work concerning terminal singularities. First I give standard forms for 3-dimensional terminal singularities over arbitrary fields. This is then used to develop a fairly complete topological classification over the reals.
We show that prime Fano threefolds $Y$ of genus 8 have a multiplicative Chow-Künneth decomposition, in the sense of Shen-Vial. As a consequence, a certain tautological subring of the Chow ring of powers of $Y$ injects into cohomology.
We prove the base point free theorem for big line bundles on a three-dimensional log canonical projective pair defined over the algebraic closure of a finite field.
We prove that every compact Kähler threefold $X$ of Kodaira dimension $κ= 0$ or $1$ has a $\mathbf{Q}$-factorial bimeromorphic model $X'$ with at worst terminal singularities such that for each curve $C \subset X'$, the pair $(X',C)$ admits a locally trivial algebraic approximation such that the restriction of the deformation of $X'$ to some neighborhood of $C$ is a trivial deformation. As an application, we prove that every compact Kähler threefold with $κ= 0$ or $1$ has an algebraic approximation.
This is the third of a series of papers studying real algebraic threefolds, but the methods are mostly independent from the previous two. Let $f:X\to S$ be a map of a smooth projective real algebraic 3-fold to a surface $S$ whose general fibers are rational curves. Assume that the set of real points of $X$ is an orientable 3-manifold $M$. The aim of the paper is to give a topological description of $M$. It is shown that $M$ is either Seifert fibered or a connected sum of lens spaces. Much stronger results hold if $S$ is rational.
Let $X$ be a smooth contractible affine algebraic threefold with a nontrivial algebraic ${\bf C}_+$-action on it. We show that $X$ is rational and the algebraic quotient $X//{\bf C}_+$ is a smooth contractible surface $S$ which is isomorphic to ${\bf C}^2$ in the case when $X$ admits a dominant morphism from a threefold of form $C \times {\bf C}^2$. Furthermore, if the action is free then $X$ is isomorphic to $S \times {\bf C}$ and the action is induced by translation on the second factor. In particular, we have the following criterion: if a smooth contractible affine algebraic threefold $X$ w…
A conjecture of Orlov predicts that derived equivalent smooth projective varieties over a field have isomorphic Chow motives. The conjecture is known for curves, and was recently observed for surfaces by Huybrechts. In this paper we focus on threefolds over perfect fields, and unconditionally secure results, which are implied by Orlov's conjecture, concerning the geometric coniveau filtration, and abelian varieties attached to smooth projective varieties.
We will describe a method for constructing explicit algebraic solutions to the sixth Painleve equation, generalising that of Dubrovin-Mazzocco. There are basically two steps: First we explain how to construct finite braid group orbits of triples of elements of SL_2(C) out of triples of generators of three-dimensional complex reflection groups. (This involves the Fourier-Laplace transform for certain irregular connections.) Then we adapt a result of Jimbo to produce the Painleve VI solutions. (In particular this solves a Riemann-Hilbert problem explicitly.) Each step will be illustrated using t…
This is the second of a series of papers studying real algebraic threefolds using the minimal model program. The main result is the following. Let $X$ be a smooth projective real algebraic 3-fold. Assume that the set of real points is an orientable 3-manifold (this assumption can be weakened considerably). Then there is a fairly simple description on how the topology of real points changes under the minimal model program. The first application is to study the topology of real projective varieties which are birational to projective 3-space (Nash conjecture). The second application is a factoriz…
In this short note, we give a refinement of our previous work (arXiv:1803.05553) stating that for a projective $3$-fold $X$ of general type with either $p_g(X)\leq 4$ or $p_g(X)\geq 11$, $$\text{vol}(X)\geq \frac{4}{3}p_g(X)-{\frac{10}{3}}.$$
Let $X$ be a non-singular projective threefold over an algebraically closed field of any characteristic, and let $A^2(X)$ be the group of algebraically trivial codimension 2 algebraic cycles on $X$ modulo rational equivalence with coefficients in $\mathbb Q$. Assume $X$ is birationally equivalent to another threefold $X'$ admitting a fibration over an integral curve $C$ whose generic fiber $X'_{\bar η}$, where $\bar η=Spec(\bar {k(C)})$, satisfies the following three conditions: (i) the motive $M(X'_{\bar η})$ is finite-dimensional, (ii) $H^1_{et}(X_{\bar η},\mathbb Q_l)=0$ and (iii) $H^2_{et}…
We study local, global and local-to-global properties of threefolds with certain singularities. We prove criteria for these threefolds to be rational homology manifolds and conditions for threefolds to satisfy rational Poincaré duality. We relate the topological Euler characteristic of elliptic Calabi-Yau threefolds with $\mathbb Q$-factorial terminal singularities to dimensions of Lie algebras and certain representations, Milnor and Tyurina numbers and other birational invariants of an elliptic fibration. We give an interpretation in terms of complex deformations. We state a conjecture on the…
We prove that for a compact Kähler threefold with canonical singularities and vanishing first Chern class, the projective fibres are dense in the semiuniversal deformation space. This implies that every Kähler threefold of Kodaira dimension zero admits small projective deformations after a suitable bimeromorphic modification. As a corollary, we see that the fundamental group of any Kähler threefold is a quotient of an extension of fundamental groups of projective manifolds, up to subgroups of finite index. In the course of the proof, we show that for a canonical threefold with $c_1 = 0$, the A…
We use properties of small resolutions of the ordinary double point in dimension three to construct smooth non-liftable Calabi-Yau threefolds. In particular, we construct a smooth projective Calabi-Yau threefold over $\F_3$ that does not lift to characteristic zero and a smooth projective Calabi-Yau threefold over $\F_5$ having an obstructed deformation. We also construct many examples of smooth Calabi-Yau algebraic spaces over $\F_p$ that do not lift to algebraic spaces in characteristic zero.
We describe a Lie Algebra on the moduli space of Calabi-Yau threefolds enhanced with differential forms and its relation to the Bershadsky-Cecotti-Ooguri-Vafa holomorphic anomaly equation. In particular, we describe algebraic topological string partition functions $F_g^{alg}, g\geq 1$, which encode the polynomial structure of holomorphic and non-holomorphic topological string partition functions. Our approach is based on Grothendieck's algebraic de Rham cohomology and on the algebraic Gauss-Manin connection. In this way, we recover a result of Yamaguchi-Yau and Alim-Länge in an algebraic conte…
In this article we present a 3-dimensional analogue of a well-known theorem of E. Bombieri (in 1973) which characterizes the bi-canonical birationality of surfaces of general type. Let $X$ be a projective minimal 3-fold of general type with $\mathbb{Q}$-factorial terminal singularities and the geometric genus $p_g(X)\ge 5$. We show that the 4-canonical map $ϕ_4$ is {\it not} birational onto its image if and only if $X$ is birationally fibred by a family $\mathscr{C}$ of irreducible curves of geometric genus 2 with $K_X\cdot C_0=1$ where $C_0$ is a general irreducible member in $\mathscr{C}$.
We investigate compact complex manifolds of dimension three and second Betti number $b_2(X) = 0$. We are interested in the algebraic dimension $a(X)$, which is by definition the transcendence degree of the field of meromorphic functions over the field of complex numbers. The topological Euler characteristic $χ_{\mathrm{ top}}(X) $ equals the third Chern class $c_3(X)$ by a theorem of Hopf. Our main result is that, if $X$ is a compact 3-dimensional complex manifold with $b_2(X) = 0$ and $a(X) > 0$, then $c_3(X) = χ_{\rm top}(X) = 0$, that is, we either have $b_1(X) = 0, \ b_3(X) = 2$ or $b_1(X)…
Let X be a projective 3-fold with at most Q-factorial terminal singularities on which K_X is nef and big. Suppose the canonical index r(X)>1. For any positive integer m, it is interesting to consider the base point freeness and birationality of the divisor mK_X. For example, we know the following results: (1) the system |5rK_X| is base point free (Ein-Lazarsfeld-Lee); (2) |mK_X| gives a birational map for all m>4r+2 (M. Hanamura). This article aims to present a better result in direction (2). As far as our method can tell here, |mK_X| gives a birational map for all m>2r+5. (Q-divisor method + …
Let $X$ be a compact K{ä}hler manifold of dimension three. We prove that there exists a projective manifold $Y$ such that $π\_1(X)\simeq π\_1(Y)$. We also prove the bimeromorphic existence of algebraic approximations for compact K{ä}hler manifolds of algebraic dimension $\dim(X)-1$. Together with the work of Graf and the third author, this settles in particular the bimeromorphic Kodaira problem for compact K{ä}hler threefolds.
We consider a compact Kaehler manifold whose dual Kaehler cone contains a rational interior point. The general problem we have in mind is how far the manifold is from being projective; i.e. we ask for the algebraic dimension. We prove e.g. that if the interior point is represented by an effective curve in dimension 3, then the manifold has algebraic dimension at least 2 unless the variety is a so-called simple non-Kummer 3-fold. We also investigate 3-folds containing curves with ample normal bundle. It seems likely that examples with algebraic dimension 2 really exist.
In this paper, we show that projective globally $F$-regular threefolds, defined over an algebraically closed field of characteristic $p\geq 11$, are rationally chain connected.
We establish the Noether inequality for projective $3$-folds. More precisely, we prove that the inequality $${\rm vol}(X)\geq \tfrac{4}{3}p_g(X)-{\tfrac{10}{3}}$$ holds for all projective $3$-folds $X$ of general type with either $p_g(X)\leq 4$ or $p_g(X)\geq 21$, where $p_g(X)$ is the geometric genus and ${\rm vol}(X)$ is the canonical volume. This inequality is optimal due to known examples found by M. Kobayashi in 1992.
Li-Zinger's hyperplane theorem states that the genus one GW-invariants of the quintic threefold is the sum of its reduced genus one GW-invariants and 1/12 multiplies of its genus zero GW-invariants. We apply the Guffin-Sharpe-Witten's theory (GSW theory) to give an algebro-geometric proof of the hyperplane theorem, including separation of contributions and computation of 1/12.
It is known that the optimal Noether inequality $\mathrm{vol}(X) \ge \frac{4}{3}p_g(X) - \frac{10}{3}$ holds for every $3$-fold $X$ of general type with $p_g(X) \ge 11$. In this paper, we give a complete classification of $3$-folds $X$ of general type with $p_g(X) \ge 11$ satisfying the above equality by giving the explicit structure of a relative canonical model of $X$. This model coincides with the canonical model of $X$ when $p_g(X) \ge 23$. We also establish the second and third optimal Noether inequalities for $3$-folds $X$ of general type with $p_g(X) \ge 11$. These results answer two op…
We prove that in a family of projective threefolds defined over an algebraically closed field, the locus of rational fibers is a countable union of closed subsets of the locus of separably rationally connected fibers. When the ground field has characteristic zero, this implies that the locus of rational fibers in a smooth family of projective threefolds is the union of at most countably many closed subfamilies.
Let $(X, Δ)$ be a projective klt three dimensional pair defined over an algebraically closed field characteristic larger than 5. Let $L$ be a nef and big line bundle on $X$ such that $L-K_X-Δ$ is big and nef. We show that $L$ is indeed semi-ample.
We prove that the product of an Enriques surface and a very general curve of genus at least 1 does not satisfy the integral Hodge conjecture for 1-cycles. This provides the first examples of smooth projective complex threefolds of Kodaira dimension zero for which the integral Hodge conjecture fails, and the first examples of non-algebraic torsion cohomology classes of degree 4 on smooth projective complex threefolds.
Let $Y$ be an algebraic manifold of dimension 3 with $H^i(Y, Ω^j_Y)=0$ for all $j\geq 0$, $i>0$ and $h^0(Y, {\mathcal{O}}_Y) > 1$. Let $X$ be a smooth completion of $Y$ such that the boundary $X-Y$ is the support of an effective divisor $D$ on $X$ with simple normal crossings. We prove that the $D$-dimension of $X$ cannot be 2, i.e., either any two nonconstant regular functions are algebraically dependent or there are three algebraically independent nonconstant regular functions on $Y$. Secondly, if the $D$-dimension of $X$ is greater than 1, then the associated scheme of $Y$ is isomorphic to …
This work consists of two parts. In the first part we develop new techniques to compute Koszul cohomology groups for several classes of varieties. As applications we prove results on projective normality and syzygies for algebraic surfaces. From more general results we obtain in particular the following: a) Mukai's conjecture (and stronger variants of it) regarding projective normality and normal presentation for surfaces with Kodaira dimension 0, and uniform bounds for higher syzygies associated to adjoint linear series, b) effective bounds along the lines of Mukai's conjecture regarding proj…
This paper has two aims. The former is to give an introduction to our earlier work on the Hodge theory of algebraic maps and more generally to some of the main themes of the theory of perverse sheaves and to some of its geometric applications. Particular emphasis is put on the topological properties of algebraic maps. The latter is to prove a motivic version of the decomposition theorem for the resolution of a threefold Y. This result allows to define a pure motive whose Betti realization is the intersection cohomology of Y. We provide a few explicit computations of perverse truncations and in…
We prove that if a smooth projective algebraic variety of dimension less or equal to three has a unit type integral $K$-motive, then its integral Chow motive is of Lefschetz type. As a consequence, the integral Chow motive is of Lefschetz type for a smooth projective variety of dimension less or equal to three that admits a full exceptional collection.
We analyze the structure of the algebraic manifolds $Y$ of dimension 3 with $H^i(Y, Ω^j_Y)=0$ for all $j\geq 0$, $i>0$ and $h^0(Y, {\mathcal{O}}_Y) > 1$, by showing the deformation invariant of some open surfaces. Secondly, we show when a smooth threefold with nonconstant regular functions satisfies the vanishing Hodge cohomology. As an application, we prove the existence of nonaffine and nonproduct threefolds $Y$ with this property by constructing a family of a certain type of open surfaces parametrized by the affine curve $\C-\{0\}$ such that the corresponding smooth completion $X$ has Kodai…
